Drill 8/22/06 Please write the following information on your card. Starting with the red line. 1. Name (First Middle Last) 2. Nickname (If none skip a line) 3. Grade (AKA year in school, not the one you want to get in this class) 4. Address 5. Parent Guardian Name(s) (List first the person you would rather I speak to) 6.Phone Numbers that work for the above listed people 7-10 Your Schedule with room numbers if possible 11.Who was your earth science teacher? 12.Name 2-3 things that you do outside the school day words that describe you 14.One thing you want to learn more about.

Activities Info Card and attendance 10 Notes 25 Drill 10 Flashlight Lab 15 Discuss Results 20 Books 10 Penny Sheet10 Quiz Thursday

What is biology? On the back of your card (the blank side) define biology to the best of your ability.

1–1What Is Science? A.What Science Is and Is Not B.Evidence Based on Observation C.Interpreting the Evidence D.Explaining the Evidence E.A Scientific View of the World Section 1-1 Section Outline Go to Section:

What is science? Types of Science Biology Botany Zoology Chemistry Biochemistry Physics

Scientific Research Method 1.Framework for acquiring and interpreting data 2.Systematic (step by step) way of answering questions 1.Observation 2.Create Question (Define Problem) 3.Hypothesis (Educated Guess) 4.Design Experiment 5.Gather Data (Experiment) 6.Analyze Data (Graphs) 7.Draw Conclusions (So What?)

Designing an Experiment Section 1-2 Flowchart Go to Section: Observation Create a Question Form a Hypothesis Design an Experiment Gather Data Analyze Results Draw Conclusions Publish Results

Experimental Design Control- Standard group to which all other groups are compared Experimental Group- Same as control except for one thing (variable) is changed Variables- Independent- Variable which is manipulated (changed) Dependent- Result of the Independent Variable Control- A Variable which is maintained in order to ensure similarity of control and experimental groups

OBSERVATIONS: Flies land on meat that is left uncovered. Later, maggots appear on the meat. HYPOTHESIS: Flies produce maggots. PROCEDURE Controlled Variables: jars, type of meat, location, temperature, time Independent Variables: gauze covering that keeps flies away from meat Uncovered jarsCovered jars Several days pass Maggots appearNo maggots appear Dependent Variable: whether maggots appear CONCLUSION: Maggots form only when flies come in contact with meat. Spontaneous generation of maggots did not occur. Section 1-2 Figure 1-8 Redi’s Experiment on Spontaneous Generation Go to Section:

Gravy is boiled.Flask is open. Gravy is teeming with microorganisms. Gravy is boiled. Flask is sealed. Gravy is free of microorganisms. Section 1-2 Figure 1-10 Spallanzani’s Experiment Go to Section:

Broth is boiled.Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms. Section 1-2 Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Go to Section:

Broth is boiled.Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms. Section 1-2 Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Go to Section:

Broth is boiled.Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms. Section 1-2 Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Go to Section:

Broth is boiled.Broth is free of microorganisms for a year. Curved neck is removed. Broth is teeming with microorganisms. Section 1-2 Figure 1-11 Pasteur’s Experiment Go to Section:

Terminology Fact - Observed Data that is true Hypothesis – Educated Guess Law- True Universal Fact Always Observed to be true Law of Gravity, Law of Thermodynamics Single Idea (Like a Slingshot)

Terms Cont. Theory Explanation of events (observations) based on hypotheses supported by evidence A single scientist cannot create a theory Many complex ideas (like a car) Theory of evolution Theory of relativity Einstein

Mystery Worms Section 1-2 Interest Grabber Go to Section: A teacher collected some beetles from a rotting log and placed them in a container of dry oatmeal in her classroom. She kept the box covered with a light cloth so that the beetles could not escape. She also asked one of her students to add potato and apple pieces once a week to provide food and moisture for the beetles. After several weeks, the student reported that there were some strange-looking, wormlike organisms in the container.

1. Formulate a hypothesis that might explain the presence of the “worms” in the container. 2. How could you test your hypothesis? 3. Identify the variables in your proposed experiment. Identify the control in your proposed experiment. Section 1-2 Interest Grabber continued Go to Section:

Penny Sheet

Shells and Snowflakes How can we distinguish between living and nonliving things, such as a radiolarian (left) and a snowflake (right)? A radiolarian is a tiny living thing that is covered with a glasslike shell and lives in the ocean. A snowflake is a crystal made of frozen water. Section 1-3 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

Work with a partner to answer the following questions. 1. What are some similarities between the snowflake and the glass shell of the radiolarian? 2. What are some differences between the snowflake and the glass shell? 3. Would you classify the shell as a living thing or a nonliving thing? Explain your answer. Section 1-3 Interest Grabber continued Go to Section:

1–3Studying Life A.Characteristics of Living Things 1.Made Up of Cells 2.Reproduction 3.Based on a Genetic Code 4.Growth and Development 5.Need for Materials and Energy 6.Response to the Environment 7.Maintaining Internal Balance 8.Evolution B.Branches of Biology C.Biology in Everyday Life Section 1-3 Section Outline Go to Section:

CharacteristicExamples Living things are made up of units called cells. Living things reproduce. Living things are based on a universal genetic code. Living things grow and develop. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. Living things respond to their environment. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. Taken as a group, living things change over time. Many microorganisms consist of only a single cell. Animals and trees are multicellular. Maple trees reproduce sexually. A hydra can reproduce asexually by budding. Flies produce flies. Dogs produce dogs. Seeds from maple trees produce maple trees. Flies begin life as eggs, then become maggots, and then become adult flies. Plants obtain their energy from sunlight. Animals obtain their energy from the food they eat. Leaves and stems of plants grow toward light. Despite changes in the temperature of the environment, a robin maintains a constant body temperature. Plants that live in the desert survive because they have become adapted to the conditions of the desert. Section 1-3 Characteristics of Living Things Go to Section:

Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Community and its nonliving surroundings Populations that live together in a defined area Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Biosphere Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Bison herd Section 1-3 Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization Go to Section:

Organism Groups of Cells Molecules Individual living thing Tissues, organs, and organ systems Smallest functional unit of life Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Bison Nervous tissue Nervous system Brain Nerve cell Water DNA Section 1-3 Figure 1-21 Levels of Organization continued Go to Section: