7 TH GRADE HEALTH Disordered Eating

About Disordered Eating Source: National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (est. 1976) 50% of people with an eating disorder meet the criteria for depression. Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate for any mental illness. 95% of those with an eating disorder are between the ages of % of people with anorexia or bulimia are male.

Different Types of Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Binge Eating Disorder Muscular Dysmorphia

Anorexia Nervosa Definition: a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy weight. Distortion of body image Warning signs are:  Self-starvation  Intense/persistent fear of gaining weight  Continuous dieting  Excessive exercise  Abnormal weight loss  Absent or irregular menstruation  Hair loss

Anorexia Nervosa Short term consequences:  Dehydration  Poor body image (mental) Long term consequences:  Damage to heart (slow heart rate)  Osteoporosis  Muscle loss and weakness  Dry skin and hair loss  Lanugo (layer of hair on the body)  Death (Heart Attack)

Bulimia Nervosa (binge and purge) Definition: frequent episodes of eating unusually large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over the eating. This binge-eating is followed by a type of behavior that compensates for the binge, such as purging (e.g., vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics), fasting and/or excessive exercise. Warning signs are:  Preoccupation with food  Binge eating, usually in secret  Vomiting after eating or abuse of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills  Compulsive exercise  Broken blood vessels in the eyes  Swollen salivary glands

Bulimia Nervosa (binge and purge) Short term consequences:  Damaged teeth (stomach acid)  Raw and damaged vocal chords  Calluses on knuckles Long term consequences:  Electrolyte imbalance (Heart failure)  Potential rupture of stomach  Potential rupture of esophagus  Chronic irregular bowls (constipation, leakage, irregular bowl movements)  Stomach Ulcers and Pancreatitis

Binge Eating Disorder Definition: consuming an excessive amount of calories in one episode. No purge is associated. Major feelings of guilt, disgust, or depressed after each episode. Episodes happen once a week for 3 months at least. Warning signs are:  Loss of control over amount of eating  Eating more rapidly than normal  Eating until feeling uncomfortably full  Eating when not hungry  Eating aloe due to embarrassment by how much you are eating

Binge Eating Disorder Short term effects:  Major weight gain  Obesity  Poor Mental Health Long term effects:  High blood pressure  High cholesterol levels  Heart disease  Type 2 diabetes  Gallbladder disease

Muscular Dysmorphia Association for Applied Sport Psychology, The Alliance for Eating Disorders Definition: Muscle Dysmorphia is a disorder that causes a person to constantly obsess and/or worry about being too small, underdeveloped, and/or underweight. Usually those with Muscle Dysmorphia or not underdeveloped at all and are quite muscular. A part of body dysmorphic disorder, OCD Warning signs are:  Distorted self image  Avoiding being social due to fear of being not as muscular as others.  Working out despite injury  Extreme workout methods  Strict dieting  Steroid abuse, unnecessary plastic surgery  Suicide attempts

Muscular Dysmorphia Short term effects:  Masculinization in women (deeper voice, increased body hair, absent periods)  Men: shrunken testicles, infertility  Liver abnormalities (tumors)  High blood pressure Long term effects:  Most are unclear  Tearing/damage to muscles, tendons, and ligaments

Sports and Eating disorders NCAA Mind, Body, and Sport: Eating Disorders by Ron Thompson Eating disorders occur in all sports, but not equally in all sports. Like in society, more prevalent in women then in men. Most prevalent in sports that have an emphasis on weight in some aspect. (“thin is ideal” culture) Coaches influence plays a roll in athletes eating habits Sporting environment: athletes are expected to display a particular body size and shape that becomes charectoristic of a particular sport (long distance runners= thin body frame) Treatment staff is different when it comes to treatment

Athletes and Eating Disorders

How and Where to Get Help Intervention (loved ones or yourself) Support groups and hotlines Clinics Hospitalization Medication Special diets/nutritionist