Ancient Greece II 449 BC to 300 BC Pericles Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great

Results of the Persian Wars Greece wins and preserves its independence Greeks control trade on the Aegean Sea Athens enters a Golden Age – –innovations in government and culture

Athenian Golden Age Architecture, drama, poetry, sculpture, philosophy and science all reached new heights

Pericles extended democracy most adult males had an equal voice in government had Athens rebuilt after its destruction The Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction “Perky Pericles: daddy of democracy” Father of democracy

Parthenon Temple to the goddess Athena Conveys a sense of perfect balance Doric columns

Greek Columns “Dorky I Crown” A. Doric B. Ionic C. Corinthian A. B. C.

Columns in America today!

Phidias Greek Sculptor He sculpted much of the work on the Parthenon His figures were graceful, strong, and perfectly formed “His work was not hideous”

Greek Philosophers “Lovers of wisdom” Used logic and reason to understand the universe Questioned accepted ideas Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle “SPA”

Socrates Questioned beliefs and moral standards Put to death for corrupting the city’s youth and neglecting the gods

Plato and Aristotle Wrote The Republic, his idea of a perfect society Student of Socrates His work forms the basis for the scientific method Student of Plato

Greek Tragedies Plays which told of human suffering Playwrights: Aeschylus and Sophocles

Aeschylus Wrote The Orestria –tales of murder and revenge during the Trojan Wars Shows how pride can bring misfortune, and how the gods can bring down even the greatest heroes “Ashes from a fire can be tragic”

Sophocles Wrote Antigone and Oedipus Explores the conflict between love and duty, honor and the law “It will be a tragedy if I don’t get to be a sophomore”

Greek Historians Stressed importance of research need to avoid bias when recording history Herodotus and Thucydides “He wrote da his” “He did it too”

Herodotus Traveled extensively and visited many lands to collect information Wrote about the Persian Wars Father of History “This is ….presented so that things done by men not lose their color in time, nor deeds great and marvelous, some bought forth by Greeks and some by foreigners, lose their renown”

Thucydides Greek historian “I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time" Wrote about the Peloponnesian War Tried to be fair to both sides

The Peloponnesian War 431BC to 404 BC Athens and the Delian League Sparta and the Peloponnesian League vs.

Results of the Peloponnesian War Sparta wins Athens loses political power Cultural advance is slowed Greek defenses are weakened

Phillip II of Macedonia Conquered Greece (Greek defenses had been weakened by the Peloponnesian war) Father of Alexander the Great

Alexander Son of Phillip II Adopted Greek Culture Aristotle tutoring Alexander

Alexander the Great Conquered the Persians and established an Empire extending from Egypt to India Spread Greek culture – –1) promoted trade – –2) encouraged his soldiers to marry foreign women – –3) set up gymnasiums throughout empire, a common Greek sporting arena

Alexander’s Empire Included Greece and Macedonia and extended farther into India than the Persian Empire Alexandria! (Link)

Alexander’s Death After 11 years of fighting, Alexander died due to an illness with fever Three of his generals established dynasties which lasted until the rise of the Roman Empire Crash Course World History: Alexander the Great

Hellenistic Age Years of Greek influence following Alexander’s death and ending with the Roman conquest.

Hellenism Blending of Greek (Hellenic) culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences

Hellenism Hellenistic culture spread through trade Advances continued in Greek art, architecture, philosophy, mathematics and science

Greek Mathematicians Pythagoras and Euclid “Pythagoras and Euclid thought math was not stupid”

Pythagoras Pythagorean Theorem: formula used to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle

Euclid The Father of Geometry Wrote The Elements His work is still the basis for modern courses in geometry

Greek Scientists Hippocrates and Archimedes Physics and geometry Medicine

Hippocrates The Father of Medicine Refused to use the gods to explain illness Stressed the importance of observation, diagnosis and treatment Wrote the “Hippocratic Oath,” which is still used by doctors today. “Helping Hippocrates"

Archimedes Invented many practical devices including the lever and pulley, the screw, and the catapult “Give me a lever long enough and a place to stand and I will move the earth."