US HISTORY Chapter 15 The Spirit of Reform

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Second Great Awakening Second Great Awakening  Early 1800s...time when religious fever spread throughout the nation  Some tried to form utopias (ideal religious communities)  Temperance Movement  Temperance Movement – attempt to get people to drink little or no alcohol...some states passed laws that banned alcohol

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Education Education  Horace Mann  Horace Mann – educational reformer who believed education was a key to wealth and economic opportunity for all...helped Massachusetts set up first state- supported normal school  teacher training schools

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Special Education Special Education  Thomas Gallaudet  Thomas Gallaudet – helped hearing impaired students  Samuel Gridley Howe  Samuel Gridley Howe – helped visually impaired students  Dorothea Dix  Dorothea Dix – helped mentally ill get treatment instead of prison

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Authors Authors  Margaret Fuller Woman in the Nineteenth Century  Margaret Fuller – supporter of women’s rights, author of Woman in the Nineteenth Century – considered the first feminist work in the US  Ralph Waldo Emerson Self-Reliance  Ralph Waldo Emerson – believed people should listen to their conscience, author of Self-Reliance – people should avoid conformity & follow their own ideas

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Authors Authors  Henry David Thoreau Walden Civil Disobedience  Henry David Thoreau – against people leading materialistic lives...author of Walden – popularized living a simple life & Civil Disobedience – encouraged people to disobey unjust laws  Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin  Harriet Beecher Stowe – author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin – portrayed slavery in a negative way, further divided North & South

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Poets Poets  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Paul Revere’s Ride  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow – wrote narrative poems including Paul Revere’s Ride “Listen, my children, and you shall hear of the midnight ride of Paul Revere...”  Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!  Walt Whitman – most famous work – O Captain! My Captain! – poem about Lincoln after his assassination

Lesson 1 – Social Reform Poets Poets  Emily Dickinson Because I Could Not Stop for Death  Emily Dickinson – may be the most famous female American poet...wrote about loneliness, love, & death...only published seven poems during her lifetime...most famous work? Because I Could Not Stop for Death

Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists Abolitionists Abolitionists – people who wanted to abolish, or end, slavery American Colonization Society American Colonization Society  tried to purchase slaves from slaveholders and send them to other countries to start new lives  Liberia  Liberia – means “place of freedom,” colony in West Africa set up by the ACS – 10,000-12,000 African Americans settled there  Not all slaves liked this...some wanted to be freed and live in the US

Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists  William Lloyd Garrison  William Lloyd Garrison – started abolitionist newspaper called The Liberator...called for immediate emancipation  Sarah & Angelina Grimke  Sarah & Angelina Grimke – sisters from the South...spoke out against slavery in the North...asked for slaves from their parents for their inheritance, then freed them

Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists  Harriet Beecher Stowe  Harriet Beecher Stowe - author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin…book was a best- seller…portrayed slavery in a negative way and became banned in the South

Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists Famous Abolitionists  Frederick Douglass The North Star  Frederick Douglass – African- American, former slave, spoke throughout the North & the world, editor of the anti- slavery newspaper called The North Star  Sojourner Truth  Sojourner Truth – African- American, former slave, spoke through the North for the end of slavery & supporter of women’s rights

Lesson 2 – The Abolitionists The Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad  name given to the “network” of safe houses and abolitionists who helped escaped slaves reach their freedom  “conductors” – guides that helped along the way  “stations” – rest stops...barns, basements, attics, etc.  operating as early as the 1500s, but reached peak from  tens of thousands of slaves escaped to the northern states, Canada, Texas, Mexico, and through Florida to the Caribbean  no accurate records kept because no one wanted to get caught aiding the slaves

Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement Seneca Falls Convention Seneca Falls Convention  Women’s rights convention held in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848  Organized by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions  Issued a Declaration of Sentiments & Resolutions  called for an end to laws that discriminated against women and, after much debate, demanded women’s suffrage

Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony  Speaker for women’s rights  Called for equal pay, access to college for women, & coeducation  teaching males & females together  Organized the Daughters of Temperance  first women’s temperance association  Her image was on the old US Dollar coin

Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement Women’s Suffrage Women’s Suffrage  1890 – Wyoming became the first state to allow women the right to vote 19 th Amendment  1920 – 19 th Amendment was passed granting voting rights for women across the nation

Lesson 3 – The Women’s Movement Education Education  Emma Willard  Emma Willard – set up Troy Female Seminary in taught math, history, geography, physics, & others  Mary Lyon  Mary Lyon – started Mt. Holyoke Female Seminary in 1837