Sponges phylum Porifera

Sponges are one of the oldest known animal fossils Variety of colors & shapes Lack nervous system & organs

Feeding & Diet Sessile Sponges receive food & oxygen by water passing through its pores The sponge can control the amount of water by constricting or dilating its pores Bacteria is filtered from the water for food

A non-toxic yellow dye has been squirted around the base of a purple tube sponge in the Caribbean. The dye is pumped out through the osculum at the top of the sponge.

Ostia- small pores where water/food enters the sponge Osculum- Large hole where water & waste exits Collar cells- traps, ingests & digests food Amebocytes- transport to cells Because the cells of the sponge are in direct contact with the water gas exchange occurs across cell membrane as the water flow through the sponge. In O 2 - Out CO 2

Flagella-beat water causing it to flow in & out of sponge Amebocytes- helps in digestion

Sexual Reproduction Sponges may be male or female or have both organs By releasing egg/sperm at different times it inhibits self fertilization Adult sponges release sperm into water to be taken up by sponges for fertilization

Spawning Sponge

1938- Key West Sponge Capital Of the World New sponges may develop if a piece of the sponge breaks off- Regeneration (Asexual)

In the 1900’s thousands were employed to harvest the bath sponge for commercial use Now synthetic sponges have replaced natural sponges Sponges are found in a variety of habitats – Fresh/salt water – Cold/tropical waters May be composed of hard calcium carbonate or silica Or spongin, elastic framework of protein fibers

Phylum: Annelida Marine Worms

Characteristics of Marine Worms Have nephridia (water regulating tubule) as part of the excretory system, a heart, and sometimes jaws. They show metamerism (division of body in repeating blocks or segments)

Special Attributes More than 15,000 species! Most of the marine worms are in the Class Polychaeta including: – Tubeworms – Bristleworms – Spongeworms – Fireworms