Computer History & How Computer Works Notes 1 By Ms. Pryor

Computer History The first computer, called UNIVAC, was developed in 1951 Microsoft Windows was developed in 1985 The founder of Microsoft is Bill Gates The original name of the Internet was called ARAPNET The World Wide Web (WWW) was developed in 1991 The founder of Apple (MAC) is Steve Jobs Google Docs introduced in Feb 2007

What’s Inside the Computer?

What is the Motherboard? The primary circuit board in a computer to which all devices are connected and through which all data passes

What is the Central Processing Unit (CPU)? The main processing device

Two Types of Memory 1.Random-Access Memory (RAM) = Temporary 2. Read-Only Memory (ROM) = Permanent

Hardware vs. Software Hardware – wire, transistors, circuits and peripherals; the physical parts of the computers Software – instructions or programs that control the computer

What is the operating system? Tells the computer HOW to do its work.

Four Basic Functions of Computer Input Processing Output Storage

Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Microphone Web cam Digital Camera Scanner

Output Devices Monitor Speakers Printer Headphones LCD Projector Portable Media Players (i.e., IPODs, MP3) Fax machine

Storage Devices USB Flash Drive CDs Hard Drives Floppy Disks

Two Types of Compact Discs 1. CD-R = Compact Disc Read-Only (permanent) 2. CD-RW = Compact Disc Read/Write (read/write & update)

Computer only understand 0 and 1

Storage Device Capacity Kilobyte (KB) – thousand of bytes (1,000) Megabyte (MB) – million of bytes (1,000,000) Gigabyte (GB) – billion of bytes (1,000,000,000) Terabyte (TB) – trillion of bytes (1,000,000,000,000)

What is multitasking? Working with more than one computer applications at the same time

What is a window? A rectangular, on-screen frame used to view a program or document

What is a ribbon? The area of a Microsoft Office screen that contains tabs and groups of commands

What is a Troubleshooter? A person who finds and fixes problems in machinery; technical equipment

What is a File Extension? The suffix at the end of the filename indicating the type of file document it was created in

COMMON FILE EXTENSIONS MS Word (word processor).docx MS Excel (spreadsheet).xlsx MS Publisher (templates).pub MS Access (database).accdb MS PowerPoint (presentations).pptx Joint Photographic Expert Group (pictures or graphics).jpg or.jpeg Audio files.wma or.avi.mp3

MS Word (word processor) To create business letters & research papers

MS Excel (spreadsheets) To do basic math and create charts; organize & calculate numbers

MS Publisher (templates) To create professional documents such as newsletters, brochures, etc.

MS Access (databases) To store & sort information; organize files; record keeping

MS PowerPoint (presentations) To create slide shows