Basics of SBS-Modified Bitumen Roofing

Low Slope Roof Systems Single Ply Modified Bitumen Metal BUR Other Source: NRCA Market Survey [Other: Spray Polyurethane Foam, 1.62%; “Other”, 3.32%]

Built-Up Roof (BUR) Systems (7%)

BUR History Industry standard Developed in late 19 th century Plies of rag roofing felt were adhered with molten asphalt or coal tar bitumen Roofing felt was organic mat saturated with asphalt Typically 4-5 plies of felts were installed 90% market share

BUR Limitations Rigid and inflexible Field fabricated – no manufactured quality control Quality relied solely on expertise of installer Skilled labor in short supply

Evolution of Building Construction Post War World II Steel decks begin supplanting wood plank decks Insulation becomes more prevalent BUR material changes

Impacts of Evolution – Steel Decks Fluted sheet steel decks come into wider use

Impacts of Evolution – Insulation 1960s – insulation becomes more prevalent HVAC becomes more prevalent Energy costs to heat and cool rise dramatically

Heat Movement with Limited Insulation Typical Building with Limited Insulation System (R ≤ 3) Ambient Temperature Daytime80°F Nighttime50°F Roof Membrane Temperature Daytime120°F Nighttime60°F Temperature differential (  T) 60°F

Impacts of Evolution – Insulation Typical Building with Extensive Insulation System (R ≥ 20) Ambient Temperature Daytime80°F Nighttime50°F Roof Membrane Temperature Daytime170°F Nighttime50°F Temperature differential (  T) 120°F

Heating Accelerates Aging

BUR Material Quality Overall quality of roofing materials began to suffer Rag felt was replaced with paper pulp material Cost saving decision Inferior mechanical properties Minimal asphalt saturation ability Lower quality asphalt used as refining process improves

October 1973 Arab-Israeli War

BUR Conclusion Change in decks Heat aging Material concerns Embargo contributed but was not sole cause for shift in industry Today, BUR accounts for 7% of low slope new construction roofing (down from > 90%)

Asphalt Modification Improve asphalt qualities and performance Widen temperature window for performance at high and low end Reduce number of layers compared to typical BUR installation Reduce material and labor required

Modified Bitumen Components

Polymers Used for Modification SBS – Styrene Butadiene Styrene APP – Atactic Polypropylene SEBS – Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene APO – Amorphous Polyolefin Among others…

SBS Polymer Shell Chemical Company patented SBS in the 1960s. Primarily used in adhesives industry Only 30% of manufactured SBS is used in bitumen modification

SBS Bitumen Modification Improved elongation and high elastic recovery Enhanced low-temperature flexibility High temperature resistance Self-adhesive properties Improved long-term aging properties

SBS Phase Inversion

Asphalt Source

Modifying Asphalt Values (typ.)Softening Point Cold Temperature Flexibility Elongation 150/200 Asphalt95°F32°F50%

Modifying Asphalt Values (typ.)Softening Point Cold Temperature Flexibility Elongation 150/200 Asphalt95°F32°F50% Type IV Oxidized °F45°F15%

Modifying Asphalt Values (typ.)Softening Point Cold Temperature Flexibility Elongation 150/200 Asphalt95°F32°F50% Type IV Oxidized °F45°F15% APP300°F23°F100% SBS270°F-22°F1500%

Modified Bitumen Components

Filler Component Stabilizes the blend Improves fire rating Cost reduction Fillers can improve performance of bitumen blends, up to a point In excess, elastic properties suffer

Modified Bitumen Components

Ply Components BLEND

Not All Blends Are the Same! Different asphalt sources and quality Different type and quantity of SBS polymer Different type and quantity of filler Blending time and temperature BLEND

Not All Blends Are the Same! A manufacturer’s blend will impact overall performance! BLEND

Ply Components REINFORCEMENT SURFACING BLEND

Reinforcement Fiberglass Polyester BLEND REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement BLEND REINFORCEMENT Tensile Strength Elongation Dimensional Stability Puncture Resistance Tear Resistance Fiberglass Polyester

Reinforcement BLEND REINFORCEMENT Tensile Strength Elongation Dimensional Stability Puncture Resistance Tear Resistance FiberglassHighLowHighLow PolyesterHigh MediumHigh

Ply Components REINFORCEMENT SURFACING BLEND

Surfacing Bottom surface Top surface BLEND SURFACING

Surfacing Bottom surface Silica or other mineral Polyolefin film Release film BLEND SURFACING

Surfacing Top surface Provides acceptable surface for additional plies Protects modified bitumen blend from UV exposure Protects modified bitumen blend from some abuse Addresses aesthetic concerns May reduce building’s energy consumption BLEND SURFACING

Surfacing Top surface Silica or other mineral Primarily base ply top surface Also acceptable for buried systems – pavers, garden systems, gravel surfacing Polyolefin film Cannot be left exposed for significant amount of time BLEND SURFACING

Surfacing Top surface Ceramic granules Most common surfacing element Variety of colors SG granules Highly reflective granules (0.7, initial) High SRI (86, initial) BLEND SURFACING

Surfacing Top surface Laminate film SOPRASTAR ® Factory-applied white film Excellent SRI (0.86, 3 year) Enhanced long-term aging BLEND SURFACING

Surfacing Top surface Metal film SOPRALAST 50 TV ALU Very effective in reflecting UV and heat energy High-slope applications or flashing systems only BLEND SURFACING

Reflectivity Ratings Surfacing Solar ReflectanceSRI Initial3 yearInitial3 year Ceramic granule SG granule 0.70Pending86Pending Soprastar TV Alu (metal film) SURFACING

SOPREMA SBS Products COLPHENE 180 GR COLPHENE 180 SANDED COLPHENE FLAM 180 COLPHENE FLAM 180 GR COLPHENE FR GR COLPHENE GR COLPHENE HR FR GR COLPHENE SANDED COLPHENE STICK COLPHENE STICK GR COLVENT 180 SA COLVENT 180 TG COLVENT FLAM 180 SA COLVENT FLAM 180 TG COLVENT FLAM SA COLVENT FLAM TG COLVENT SA COLVENT TG ELASTOPHENE 180 PS ELASTOPHENE 180 SANDED ELASTOPHENE FLAM ELASTOPHENE FLAM 2.2 ELASTOPHENE FLAM FR GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM FR+ GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HR 3.0 ELASTOPHENE FLAM HR FR GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HS ELASTOPHENE FLAM HS FR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HS FR GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM LS FR GR ELASTOPHENE FR GR ELASTOPHENE FR+ GR ELASTOPHENE HD ELASTOPHENE HR ELASTOPHENE HR 3.0 ELASTOPHENE HR FR GR ELASTOPHENE HS FR GR ELASTOPHENE HS FR SANDED ELASTOPHENE LS FR GR ELASTOPHENE PS 2.2 ELASTOPHENE PS 3.0 ELASTOPHENE SANDED ELASTOPHENE SANDED 3.0 MM ELASTOPHENE SP 2.2 ELASTOPHENE SP 3.0 ELASTOPHENE STICK FR GR ELASTOPHENE STICK HR FR GR SOPRAFIX BASE 611 SOPRAFIX BASE 612 SOPRAFIX BASE 613 SOPRAFIX BASE 614 SOPRAFIX BASE 621 SOPRAFIX BASE 622 SOPRAFIX BASE 641 SOPRALAST 50 TV ALU SOPRALAST 50 TV ALU SANDED SOPRALENE 180 FR GR SOPRALENE 180 SANDED SOPRALENE 180 SP 3.0 SOPRALENE 180 SP 3.5 SOPRALENE 250 FR GR SOPRALENE 250 SANDED SOPRALENE FLAM 180 SOPRALENE FLAM 180 FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM 180 FR+ GR SOPRALENE FLAM 180 ULTRA FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM 250 SOPRALENE FLAM 250 FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM 250 ULTRA FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM STICK SOPRALENE STICK SOPRASTAR FLAM SOPRASTAR SANDED SOPRASTAR STICK

Application Methodologies

Heat Applied Long-term experience in North America since 1970s Theoretically impossible to improve inter- ply bond strength Safety and insurance concerns

Cold Adhesive Superior bonding characteristics compared to hot asphalt Solvent-based adhesives must meet VOC regulation Environmentally friendly adhesives available

COLPLY Field Adhesives Field Squeegee Adhesives Colply Adhesive Colply Modified Adhesive Colply EF Adhesive Flashing cement adhesives Colply Flashing Cement Colply Modified Flashing Cement Colply EF Flashing Cement

Mechanically Fastened Mechanically fastened down to deck; fastened in side lap Generally faster installation Adaptive to meet uplift requirements in all wind zones

SOPRAFIX vs Conventional Deck Insulation Cover Board Roof System Deck Insulation Roof System Conventional Roof System Assembly Soprafix Roof System Assembly

Self Adhered Eliminates exposure to open flames; hot asphalt and related staging; cold adhesive VOC issues Specifically formulated primer is required Adhesion improves over time – natural solar heating

Hot Asphalt Off-shoot of built-up roofing system application Oxidized asphalt is not an optimum adhesive for roof plies.

Product Name Identifiers Flam SOPRALENE Flam 180 Sanded ELASTOPHENE Sanded Stick SOPRALENE Stick -Fix SOPRAFIX 610

Reinforcement Identifiers ELASTOPHENE ® Fiberglass reinforcement ASTM D 6163 ASTM D 6162 SOPRALENE ® Polyester reinforcement ASTM D 6164

Polyester Reinforcement Identifiers 180, 250 Indicates weight of polyester reinforcement Grams per square meter of material

Fire Retardant Identifiers FR FR+ FR Ultra

Surfacing Identifiers GR Ceramic granule surface SG Bright white granule surface SP Sanded top surface, polyolefin film bottom surface PS Polyolefin top surface, sanded bottom surface

SOPREMA SBS Products COLPHENE 180 GR COLPHENE 180 SANDED COLPHENE FLAM 180 COLPHENE FLAM 180 GR COLPHENE FR GR COLPHENE GR COLPHENE HR FR GR COLPHENE SANDED COLPHENE STICK COLPHENE STICK GR COLVENT 180 SA COLVENT 180 TG COLVENT FLAM 180 SA COLVENT FLAM 180 TG COLVENT FLAM SA COLVENT FLAM TG COLVENT SA COLVENT TG ELASTOPHENE 180 PS ELASTOPHENE 180 SANDED ELASTOPHENE FLAM ELASTOPHENE FLAM 2.2 ELASTOPHENE FLAM FR GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM FR+ GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HR 3.0 ELASTOPHENE FLAM HR FR GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HS ELASTOPHENE FLAM HS FR ELASTOPHENE FLAM HS FR GR ELASTOPHENE FLAM LS FR GR ELASTOPHENE FR GR ELASTOPHENE FR+ GR ELASTOPHENE HD ELASTOPHENE HR ELASTOPHENE HR 3.0 ELASTOPHENE HR FR GR ELASTOPHENE HS FR GR ELASTOPHENE HS FR SANDED ELASTOPHENE LS FR GR ELASTOPHENE PS 2.2 ELASTOPHENE PS 3.0 ELASTOPHENE SANDED ELASTOPHENE SANDED 3.0 MM ELASTOPHENE SP 2.2 ELASTOPHENE SP 3.0 ELASTOPHENE STICK FR GR ELASTOPHENE STICK HR FR GR SOPRAFIX BASE 611 SOPRAFIX BASE 612 SOPRAFIX BASE 613 SOPRAFIX BASE 614 SOPRAFIX BASE 621 SOPRAFIX BASE 622 SOPRAFIX BASE 641 SOPRALAST 50 TV ALU SOPRALAST 50 TV ALU SANDED SOPRALENE 180 FR GR SOPRALENE 180 SANDED SOPRALENE 180 SP 3.0 SOPRALENE 180 SP 3.5 SOPRALENE 250 FR GR SOPRALENE 250 SANDED SOPRALENE FLAM 180 SOPRALENE FLAM 180 FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM 180 FR+ GR SOPRALENE FLAM 180 ULTRA FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM 250 SOPRALENE FLAM 250 FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM 250 ULTRA FR GR SOPRALENE FLAM STICK SOPRALENE STICK SOPRASTAR FLAM SOPRASTAR SANDED SOPRASTAR STICK