2 nd Week A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Dr. Savvas Trichas

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB Field Dr. Savvas Trichas Psychology The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas How do you think psychology can contribute to the domain of OB?

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB FieldPsychology Dr. Savvas Trichas employee- selection techniques work designjob stress decision- making processes performance appraisals attitudes measurement effectiveness needs and motivational forces job satisfaction learningtrainingleadership emotionsperceptionpersonality problems of fatigue boredom other working relevant factors Organization al psychologists

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB Field Dr. Savvas Trichas Social psychology An area that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas How do you think social psychology can contribute to the domain of OB?

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB Field Social PsychologySocial Psychology Dr. Savvas Trichas communication patterns conflict building trustunderstandingchanging attitudes change (implementation, reduction of barriers, acceptance) measuringpower Organizational psychologists

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB Field Dr. Savvas Trichas Sociology The study of people in relation to their social environment or culture

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas How do you sociology can contribute to the domain of OB?

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB FieldSociology Dr. Savvas Trichas communications powerconflict organizational culture formal organization theory and structure organizational technology behavior in formal and complex organizations Organizational psychologists

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB Field Dr. Savvas Trichas Anthropology The study of societies to learn about human being and their activities

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas How do you think anthropology can contribute to the domain of OB?

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Disciplines that contribute to the OB FieldDisciplines that contribute to the OB FieldAnthropology Dr. Savvas Trichas valuesattitudesbehavior organizational culture organizational environment differences between cultures Organizational psychologists

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Basics on Research MethodologyBasics on Research Methodology Anderson and Burns (1989) define methodology as the nature of knowing, that is, how evidence is collected and interpreted. Usually, one of the difficult decisions that had to be made for this research was whether the methodology would be qualitative or quantitative. Dr. Savvas Trichas

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Dr. Savvas Trichas Quantitative classify and count features construct statistical models questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data (numbers and statistics) more proficient, allows to test hypotheses, but may miss situational details researcher avoids subjectivity Basics on Research MethodologyBasics on Research Methodology

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Dr. Savvas Trichas Qualitative detailed descriptions observation, interviews etc richer, more time consuming, and less generalizable researcher cannot avoid subjectivity Basics on Research MethodologyBasics on Research Methodology

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas Think and discuss a research design where you think (a)a quantitative method would be more appropriate (b)a qualitative method would be more appropriate

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective No need to use extremes only! Dr. Savvas Trichas Mixed Methods QuantitativeQualitative E.g. a quantitative-dominant mixed method approach (Johnson, Onwuegbuzie, & Turner, 2007). Quantitative methods as the main approach and complement with qualitative data. It all depends from the questions you aim to answer. Basics on Research MethodologyBasics on Research Methodology

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective BASICS ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGYBASICS ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Dr. Savvas Trichas Method 1 (e.g. leaders’ traits: 0 = “not at all characteristic” and 10 = “extremely characteristic) Method 2 (e.g. could that person be leader?) Problem Method 3 (e.g. observations of actual leaders)

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective BASICS ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGYBASICS ON RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research credibility Dr. Savvas Trichas Validity Reliability

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Validity Dr. Savvas Trichas Validity The extent the research measures what it intended to measure Internal validity Are the findings really about what they appear to be about? External validity (generalisability) It refers to the extent to which the findings of the enquiry are more generally applicable outside the specifics of the situation studied

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Reliability Dr. Savvas Trichas Reliability The consistency of the measure

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas What is the difference between validity and reliability?

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Common Methods of Data CollectionCommon Methods of Data Collection Dr. Savvas Trichas Surveys and questionnaires Survey research entails the collection of data on a number of units and usually at a single juncture in time, with a view to collecting systematically a body of quantified data in respect of a number of variables which are then examined to discern patterns of ‘association’ (Robson, 2002)

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Dr. Savvas Trichas Interviews Interviewing is a research method which typically involves the researcher asking questions and the interviewee answering them. Common Methods of Data CollectionCommon Methods of Data Collection

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Dr. Savvas Trichas Observational Methods Observe behavior, record this in some way, and then describe, analyse and interpret Common Methods of Data CollectionCommon Methods of Data Collection

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Popular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test TheoriesPopular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test Theories Dr. Savvas Trichas Laboratory Experiments It is a method of testing a hypothesis in a laboratory where conditions can be controlled

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Popular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test TheoriesPopular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test Theories Dr. Savvas Trichas Field Experiments It is a method of testing a hypothesis in a normal environment

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Popular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test TheoriesPopular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test Theories Dr. Savvas Trichas Field Survey Field survey is the collection of raw data in natural settings.

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Popular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test TheoriesPopular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test Theories Dr. Savvas Trichas Case studies A case study is a thorough study of an individual unit (individual group or organisation).

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective Popular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test TheoriesPopular Designs used to Answer Questions and Test Theories Dr. Savvas Trichas Aggregate Quantitative Reviews A quantitative form of literature review that enables researches to look at validity findings from a comprehensive set of individual studies, and then apply a formula to them to determine if they consistently produced similar results.

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Savvas Trichas In a piece of paper, write down your idea of a research design to investigate customer satisfaction in: (a)A bank (b)An online book store

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective A Managerial Perspective: The Early Practice of ManagementA Managerial Perspective: The Early Practice of Management Dr. Savvas Trichas The Quantitative Approach Use of quantitative techniques (e.g. statistics, numbers, information models) approach any given problem solution. Today, the quantitative approach is still applied in areas such budgets, scheduling etc. They use quantification of data to predict or interpret results.

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective A Managerial Perspective: The Early Practice of ManagementA Managerial Perspective: The Early Practice of Management Dr. Savvas Trichas The Contingency Approach The key idea of the contingency approach is that there is no “golden” manner to organize. The structures and control systems managers choose are equivalent of the respective organization. Therefore, different needs are addressed by different practices. The main task is to identify the context specific variables in order to address them.

A Behavioral Science and Research PerspectiveA Behavioral Science and Research Perspective A Managerial Perspective: The Early Practice of ManagementA Managerial Perspective: The Early Practice of Management Dr. Savvas Trichas The Systems Approach Organizations operate as open systems that take recourses from the external environment and transform them into products which then return back to the environment to be purchased by clients.