8.37 Explain the controversies that plagued the administration of John Adams, including the conflicts with England and France and the Alien and Sedition.

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Presentation transcript:

8.37 Explain the controversies that plagued the administration of John Adams, including the conflicts with England and France and the Alien and Sedition Acts

John Adams -John Adams was one of the founding fathers of the United States. -He fought for American Independence as a Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress. -He was a member of the team that worked on the Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence -He was one of only two people who signed the Declaration to later become president (the other was Thomas Jefferson).

Growing Up John grew up in the English colony of Massachusetts Bay. His father was an influential farmer and craftsman who became Speaker of the Massachusetts Bay legislature. John was an intelligent boy and his father put an emphasis on education. He went to Harvard for college where his father expected him to study to become a minister. John had different ideas, however, and decided to study law. He graduated from Harvard in 1755 and began practicing law in Boston soon afterward.

Political Parties Political parties began to form in the 1790s. Alexander Hamilton helped found the Federalist Party, which supported a strong federal government. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded the Democratic- Republican Party, which wanted to limit the power of the federal government. The Federalist John Adams defeated the Democratic- Republican candidate, Thomas Jefferson, in the election of Adams became president, and Jefferson, vice president.

President Problems From the Get Go Adams took office on March 4, From the beginning his presidency was a stormy one. His cabinet proved difficult to control, and many foreign policy problems arose. –The French Revolution (1787–99) and fighting between England and France caused many Americans to take the sides of both those countries. –Still others wanted the United States to remain neutral. –Adams found himself caught in the middle.

Adams took office on March 4, From the beginning his presidency was a stormy one. His cabinet proved difficult to control, and many foreign policy problems arose. The French Revolution (1787–99) and fighting between England and France caused many Americans to take the sides of both those countries. Still others wanted the United States to remain neutral. Adams found himself caught in the middle.

XYZ Affair

Diplomatic scandal that almost caused another war, Quasi War, this one between the United States and France. The result was undeclared war between the two countries

US meets with French The offer to quit seizing ships made by the FRENCH $250,000 cash 20$ million loan The ANGER by US French minister didn’t even appear himself Sent Mr. X,Y, & Z –Conrad Hottinguer –Pierre Bellamy –Lancien Hauteval Made uproar with Americans because we were not treated seriously during negotiations

XYZ Affair

Preparations for War Adams asked Congress to expand the navy to more than 30 ships. Undeclared WAR – called Quasi War Adams did not want this war with France.

Peace Efforts Federalists were stunned by Adams’s decision not to go to war. American and French ships began fighting in the Caribbean; The United States and France eventually signed a treaty.

Importance of XYZ Affair 1. it was proof the US demanded and wanted respect 2. the US was NOT going to exchange peace for money

Alien and Sedition Acts

Alien and Sedition Acts 1. Naturalization Act 2. Alien Act 3. Alien Deportation Act 4. Sedition Act

Naturalization Act 5 to 14 years a non-American had to be living in America before he or she could become an American citizen. Enacted June 18, 1798, with no expiration date, it was repealed in 1802.

Alien Act Allowed president to force non-Americans He thought dangerous to leave the country Sometimes called Alien/Friends Act Enacted June 25, 1798, with a two year expiration date.

Alien Deportation Act Allowed arrest and deportation of any non-American during wartime Enacted July 6, 1798, with no expiration date, it remains in effect today

Sedition Act Made it a crime to do “any false scandalous and malicious writing” against Resulted in jailing of 25 newspaper editors, most Democratic- Republican Enacted July 14, 1798, with an expiration date of March 3, Does not abide freedom of press and freedom of speech

Top 10 mistakes made by Presidents acts-top-10-mistakes-by-us-presidents/ acts-top-10-mistakes-by-us-presidents/