EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYEE FREELANCER ENTERPRENEUR

EMPLOYEE FIXED - TERM CONTRACT PERMANENT CONTRACT WORK REMUNERATION / WAGE

FREELANCER RISK UNPAID WORK

ENTERPRENEUR The entrepreneur performs professionally an economical activity that is organized with the aim of production or exchanges of goods / services.professionally economical activity CAPITAL INVESTMENT RISK OF UNDERTAKING

Professionally _ In a stable and not occasional way Economical Activity _ Raw materials  Product ended CostsEncomings Cash Cash OutflowsReceipts Production _ Qualitative change (Industries) Exchange _ Product ended (Merchant Companies)

Economical Result ENCOMINGS - COSTS > 0= PROFITS < 0= LOSS

ENTERPRENEUR AGRICULTURALCOMMERCIAL art.2135 c.c.art.2195 c.c.

AGRICULTURAL COLTIVATE THE FIELD BRING UP THE LIVESTOCK FARM HOLIDAYS

COMMERCIAL RAW MATERIALS  FINISHED PRODUCT (INDUSTRIES) FINISHED PRODUCTS  FINISHED PRODUCTS ( MERCHANT COMPANIES ) TRANSPORT OF PEOPLE / THINGS OWNER OF BANKS / INSURANCES REPRESENTATIVE AGENTS

COMPANY The contract of company is that contract by virtue of which two or more people confer goods or services to do together an economical activity with the aim of divide the profit (art c.c.).

Contract _ Plurality of members. In order to form a partnership, it is necessary that there are at least two members in it. Confer _ The members contribute to the company and to the support of the economic activity giving at the company goods and services. The contribution of assets may involve either money, or goods in kind. The provision of services however concerns with the work performance by the member to the company: also the work done represents an entity evaluable from the economical point of view. The amount of members' contributions is the SOCIAL CAPITAL. Economical activity _ the kind of economical activity that is done by the company represents the SOCIAL CAPITAL. Divide the profit _ The aim of the partnership agreement is the division of the profit among the members. Profits are distributed only if there are, so only if the economic activity is POSITIVE.

Partner A (money)50.000€ Partner B (patent)30.000€ Partner C (machinery)20.000€ € Social Capital (S.C.) 50% 30% 20% } Percentage of risk Apportionment Profits / Losses

SOCIAL CLASSIFICATION OF PEOPLEOF CAPITALS SOCIETIES

Society of People Partnerships have imperfect financial autonomy, that is, members respond ILLIMITED (with his own money and not only as given in the company) and INTEGRAL (a member may be called upon to pay for all, only to get a refund) to social obligations (debts). Simple societies (S. S.) Societies in collective name (S. N. C.) Societies in liberty partnership (S. A. S.)

Societies of Capitals Capital companies are legal forms taken by medium and large companies operating in different sectors. Companies are defined in that way because in them, the element of capital has a prevalence conceptual and regulations respect to the subjective element represented by the members. Members participation in the share capital may be represented by bank stocks or quotas depending on the specific type of company. They have economic independence perfect, that is, the members respond limited to the share given (without therefore affect personal assets) to the social bond (debt). They have legal personality and therefore are autonomous subjects of law. Company with limited liability (S. R. L.) Joint-stock company (S. P. A.) Company limited by shares (S. A. P. A.)

DEFINITION OF THE WORD COMPANY The word company is the more generic term to refer to a community, an association, a nation or a group of people who work together to achieve a common goal. The company is a party operating business activities: it may consist of a single entity (individual company) or more subjects (collective enterprise). Depending on their purpose, the companies are divided into: 1. LUCRATIVE COMPANY: aiming at the division of profits among the members. Profit objective (purpose of obtaining profits) and subjective (divided entirely). 2. MUTUAL SOCIETIES: members set themselves the goal of growing together and helping each other to get something that could not otherwise achieve on their own, better working conditions, better prices for services, the least cost to the purchase of equipment and material.

S.P.A. (LIMITED PARTNERSHIP) Among the various forms of companies one of the most important is the S.P.A. (limited partnership). A company S.P.A. is made up of capital, as the holdings of the members who compose it are expressed in shares, securities that represent ownership of a part of society. The amount of shares held by the shareholders in proportion corresponding to their economic and administrative rights within the company. In fact, when there is perfect patrimonial autonomy in the event of bankruptcy or recall of debts heritage that is used for the cover is exclusively that of the society and the individual members are not personally liable for any debts that the company contracts. The company S.P.A. in Italy is considered the most sophisticated form to organize and finance a business.

S.A.S. (Societies in liberty partnership) The limited partnership (S.A.S.) differs from all other types of companies the fact that it houses two categories of members: 1.Limited partners: administer society. 1.The limited partners: do not deal with the management but simply to make a certain amount of capital. These two distinct qualifications corresponds to a different behavior of liability for third parties: the general partners have unlimited joint and several liability for the obligations of the partnership, the limited partners instead respond only to the extent they paid. The limited partner has to strictly maintain its position as simple because only the capitalist partners may exercise the administration and appear in his own name in the business name. If the limited partner performs acts administrative, conclude or whether the name of the company lose the benefit of limited liability and is likely to be excluded from society.

COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES Cooperative societies according to the explanation of the Italian Civil Code, are the companies with variable capital and members of the cooperative, with the aim of growing together and helping each other to get something that could not otherwise achieve on their own (mutualistic purpose).