Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade 12 th May 2016 Starter: What does Cosmology mean to you? Title: The Cosmological Theory – The basics C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists C A B Lesson Outcomes: C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade In Religious Studies, ‘Paper 1’ needs you to analyse how we can prove God exists. In order to do this we look into ‘Philosophy’ and use three arguments. You will need to understand each one and look at its strengths and weaknesses for your exam C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade COSMOS You will need to understand each one and look at its strengths and weaknesses for your exam COSMOLOGY LOGIA C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists The Cosmological Argument is based on the idea of “Principle of sufficient reason” which is the idea that “everything must have a reason or cause.

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Plato Plato’s book called Timeas states that the world was the creation of a "Demiurge" (from the Greek "demos" or people and "ourgos" or work) -- the most highly placed of gods, working in the "public" interest (Plato, like the ancient Greeks generally, was a polytheist -- a believer in many gods). This superior god was by nature good, and so tried to create an image of itself that was as good as possible. But the Demiurge could not create a world out of nothing; its powers were more limited than the God of Genesis. The Demiurge fashioned the cosmos out of materials provided by a pre-existing "chaos", or jumble of matter, which the Demiurge organized into the four elements -- Earth, Water, Air and Fire. These formed the "body" of the cosmos, which was also endowed with a "soul". The soul of the cosmos, which Plato considered as its better or more important part, was its principle of eternal and recurring circular motion, bringing about the circular motion of the moon, planets, sun and stars. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Plato ( bce) Grade “Shall we say then that it is the soul which controls heaven and earth”. Laws Plato’s important distinction was between things that had the power to move or change both themselves and others - Primary movers; and those things which could only move or change others once they had been moved – Secondary movers. Only souls can be primary movers – so whatever caused the universe must be a soul. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Plato ( bce) Grade “The series must start with something, since nothing can come from nothing” Metaphysics Aristotle believed all changes must come from some ultimate source. It is not possible for there not to be a first cause, as if there were not, there would be nothing. There is no manner in which the universe would come into being out of nothing owing to no action (!) therefore there must have been an initial cause. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Thomas Aquinas Grade  St Thomas Aquinas ( ) believed that the Natural World provided a lot of evidence for God’s existence.  In his work Summa Theologica he set out Five Ways of proving God’s existence from this evidence. These proofs were concerned with the things people observed and experienced every day (a posteriori) C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Complete the first page in your book. Extension: Do you agree with Plato and Aristotle? Explain why. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Lesson Outcomes: I can describe the cosmological argument easily. I can describe the cosmological argument to some extent I would struggle to describe the cosmological argument. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Thomas Aquinas Grade  The first four of the five are Cosmological, the fifth Teleological.  The first four ways are as follows:  Argument for motion  Argument for cause  Argument for contingency  Argument for degrees C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade 1 st Way C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Link to video on website.

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade For a thing to change require actuality; whatever brings the change from potentiality to actuality must itself have achieved the actuality to achieve this change or movement. If it did not, a thing would have to initiate change in itself which would require that it is both actual and potential at the same time. Aquinas considered this to be a contradiction. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Complete the second page in your book. Extension: How does this version of God compare to Christian values? C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade 2 nd Way C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Link to video on website.

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Complete the third page in your book. Extension: Try to disprove the Third Way. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 “Shall we say then that it is the soul which controls heaven and earth”. Laws Plato’s important distinction was between things that had the power to move or change both themselves and others - Primary movers; and those things which could only move or change others once they had been moved – Secondary movers. Only souls can be primary movers – so whatever caused the universe must be a soul. “The series must start with something, since nothing can come from nothing” Metaphysics Aristotle believed all changes must come from some ultimate source. It is not possible for there not to be a first cause, as if there were not, there would be nothing. There is no manner in which the universe would come into being out of nothing owing to no action (!) therefore there must have been an initial cause. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade 3rd Way C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Link to video on website.

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Extension: Which do you think is the strongest “WAY” and why? Complete the fourth page in your book. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade 4th Way C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Link to video on website.

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Extension: Which do you think is the strongest “WAY” and why? Complete the fifth page in your book. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Lesson Outcomes: I can describe the four ways easily. I can describe the four ways to some extent I would struggle to describe the four ways. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade The Four Ways 1. All things are moved by others, and that mover is moved by something else. You cannot have an infinite chain, so there must be an unmoved mover : GOD 2. All things are caused and since nothing can be its own cause (logically impossible) there must be a first cause ( uncaused causer ) on which all others depend: GOD 3. Everything which we can point to is dependent upon factors beyond itself and thus is contingent. These factors demand an ultimate explanation in the form of a necessary being, dependent on nothing outside itself: GOD 4. In order for us to describe things, they must first be measureable against something which is perfect. This perfection is: GOD C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade How conclusive are Aquinas’s arguments? Analyse why. Mind Map – Write down – Draw – Note… some ideas used for discussion in a few minutes. Remember to explain why in great detail. Let’s develop those skills. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade How conclusive are Aquinas’s arguments? Analyse why. C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists

Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Lesson Objective: Lesson Outcomes: Mr M Banner 2016 Grade Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists Lesson Outcomes: I can analyse the cosmological argument easily I can analyse the cosmological argument to some extent I would struggle to analyse the cosmological argument C A B To explore the cosmological argument Analyse how conclusive this supports God’s existence? Describe the cosmological argument. Explain the four ways Aquinas uses to prove God exists