SCHOOL GOVERNORS ENERGY PLANNING GUIDANCE ENERGY REDUCTION PLANNING Michael Hubbard Carbon reduction Advisor

Contents Energy and CO2 Developing energy awareness Types of energy saving measures Typical HCC school issues Capital funding options Getting access to funding

CO2 emissions reduction Adopt an energy awareness culture capital loan repaid by savings new school building plant & systems best building use behaviour, best management funded measure installed

CO2 in relation to energy All energy use produces CO2, but quantities are based on the carbon emission factor: Least bad - Natural gas = 0.194kg per kWh unit Worse - Heating oil = 0.284kg per kWh unit Worst - Grid electricity = 0.544kg per kWh unit Even if most kWh are from gas use, CO2 emissions may be greater from electricity use

Typical CO2 emission areas Averaged CO2 emissions from energy use across infant / junior / secondary schools: 50% emissions from gas space / water heating 25% emissions from electric fixed lighting 25% emission from electrical plug-load and fixed pumps / fans etc.

Creating an energy aware culture Energy saving behaviour is key because: Best use of unimproved sites typically yields 10% CO2 reductions Good housekeeping still required in improved sites for best performance

Energy behaviour action planning Templates are available for setting targets within energy action plans if required (Example action plan at the end…) Get a baseline energy usage for comparison with usage going forward Use bills Jan-Dec 2009 bills – or Pending financial yr data

No cost behavioural changes 10% CO2 reduction possible Minimise run time & temp of space heating Ditto for water heating if separately controlled (and allowing microbial safety) Switch-off unused lights / PCs / projectors Close openings in cold weather unless absolutely necessary *

Low cost carbon reduction measures Single glazing made worse by draughts – seal! Exposed hot pipes can be insulated Solar reflective films can remove need for an A/C solution to solar gain Local heater switch control can avoid the heating on–windows open scenario Local room thermostats (or TRVs*) offer an even better solution for above.

Medium Cost measures Hot ICT rooms to use natural (or fan assisted) ventilation rather than A/C Hot water in kitchens / hand-basins etc best if water is heated locally and as used. Space and water heating controls best with separate time / temperature control Masonry (cavity) walls best with injected foam insulation

Higher Cost Measures Time & temp heat controls with additional zone control and weather compensation Update obsolete boilers to latest efficiencies of 90% (or up to 95%*). Update lighting with LED units which save 75% against fluorescents (or more with additional motion and light level detection controls

Renewable energy Government energy efficiency subsidies: FIT for off-grid electricity generation. RHI for other renewable heating systems Photovoltaic panels - the easiest renewable energy to install and manage Wind turbines – OK with wind! Prone to planning objections and maintenance costs Solar thermal – good for pools, or summer hot water with reduced boiler input

Typical building fabric problem No effective temperature “defence” Virtually no roof insulation No wall insulation No thermal mass SCHOOL Roof heat loss Wall heat loss

Typical CEAC / HCC construction

Ideal fabric insulation measures Re-roof with 100mm rigid foam under for 6 x less roof heat loss Replace window-wall with d/glazing & insulated panels for 5 x less wall heat loss BUT - window-wall to d/glazing payback estimated at 10 years + AND - funding is not forthcoming for longer term payback measures

Effective achievable CO2 measures Replacement of old gas boilers & controls with more efficient new systems. Replace fluorescent lighting with LED units + movement and LUX level sensors Behavioural changes to reduce electrical plug- load (computers a major factor) Renewable electrical generation, or other low carbon technologies*

Lack of capital funding? Financial vehicles can fund energy use reduction measures Schools can repay the loan at the rate of savings in their energy utility bills NO capital outlay, no cost increase IMMEDIATE CO2 emission reductions EVENTUAL lower bills on loan settlement

Salix capital funding Government backed loan of up 5 years payback (7 yrs if capital contributed) Repayments due after 1 yr so that savings are accrued. Applicable examples: LED lights / automatic sensor controls Main boilers (*older types) Boiler controls Voltage reduction (larger sites)

Non Salix Funding Evaluating the acceptability of non-Salix lease purchase (HP) type funding. Typically applicable to: Photovoltaic panel (PV) schemes Replacement of less old boilers

First information required self-audit answers will start the process School No.School namePupil numbers? HeatingFuel for main space heating?Fuel for main water heating? Age / photo of space heat boiler?Age / photo if central water heater Age/photo of heating control panelAre there local water heaters? Other additional space heating?local water heated as it is used, or stored? Energy supplyNumber of gas meters?Number of electric meters? Gas automatic meter reader fitted?Electric automatic meter reader fitted? Roof types% Flat roof?% pitched roof? Flat roof general condition?Pitch roof general condition? Sq/m areas recently renewed?Area orientated to S / SW / SE? Wall types% of wall as window-wall type?% of wall which are masonry type? % (of window-wall) double-glazed?% (of masonry wall) already insulated? LightingAre current lights fluorescent?Were lights recently updated? Are motion sensors fitted?Are light intensity sensors fitted?

Process for funded measures 1. Fill an energy audit on the HCC Grid CRC page 2. Meet HCC advisor and/or technical consultant (Feasibility evaluation) (Contractual terms offered) 4. Contract evaluated & signed 5. Agree time to install & commission new system

THANK YOU Please remember…. Set up & MAINTAIN a best behaviour culture in use of building energy. Take advantage of additional funded capital measures as available to your school Refer to HCC website CRC page for ongoing advice and new opportunities.

SALIX project feedback Case study evaluation

Contacts Cantact your Carbon Reduction Advisor at: Tel: Visit the HCC CRC website page thegrid.org.uk/leadership/sustainability/crc/