Critical IT for Managing Mega Disasters ESWeek 2011, October 11, 2011, Taipei, Taiwan Jane W. S. Liu IIS and CITI Academia Sinica, Taiwan

About This Talk Response Recovery Preparedness Reconstruction Prediction and warning Scenario development Emergency SOP development Education & training Preparedness Real-time monitoring, modeling, forecasting Scenario identification/situation awareness Dependable alert/alarm/warning delivery Effective use alarm information Prediction and warning Connectivity diagnosis and repair Information dissemination Command and control decision support Resource dispatching Response Impact assessment Restoration of telecommunication, transportation & other infrastructures Recovery Mitigation and prevention Disaster management cycle Mega disasters = Calamities for which we are unprepared: “no-notice events” by C. Dickey, Newsweek, Sept 12, 2011

Scales 8 and 9 earthquakes Devastating floods Killer landslides and tornados How technology can help

0% 100% 024h48h 72h Availability Impact On Power of Information “Information can save lives, livelihoods and resources.” – World Disasters Report, 2005 “Today, even mobile phones could be used as an effective medium to provide early warnings and thus save lives and property” – R. K. Pachauri, 2009 “Small advances in emergency informatics could significantly reduce deaths, accelerate damage assessment, and minimize economic downtime” – R. R. Murphy, 2010

Happenings Everywhere

OSIRIS and SANY in EU User information systems Operational services System services Sensor services Sensor Systems Generic  Display  Sensor tasking  Sensor Monitoring  Sensor man.  Proc./storage  Web mapping  Dataflow man.  Alarm service  Discovery  Access  Alert  Tasking.  Interface adaptor

Open SensorNet & DMIS Infrastructures in US DM-OPEN, IPAWS, CAP E911 & E911-IP

Secure, responsive emergency information access and flow control Government provided DM Infrastructures and services Information systems, services and applications belonging to non-governmental entities Networked crowd Synergetic filtering and fusion of symbiotic data and information Networks of things Gaps bridgeable by technologies Pervasive deployment and use of sensor information and embedded systems technologies Lives saved, property losses minimized Sensors anywhere, warning systems, alert protocol, and data exchange languages

About the Rest of the Talk  On cyber-physical aspects  Recent events and likely scenarios  Examples of beyond the state-of-the-art infrastructures, applications, and services with strong impacts  Cyber-physical elements of future smart living environment for better preparedness  On open framework for DMIS

Collage of Recent Events Devastating earthquakes in Japan, Chile and Haiti

Collage of Recent Events 08/23/ quake in Virginia  One of quakes in past 25 yrs  Buildings evacuated from NYC to DC  911 calls failed for more than an hour  Traffic jams on N. VA highways  Two nuclear power plants shut down 05/22/2011 EF 5 tornado, Joplin MO  162 causalities and 990 injuries  Approx 1 mile wide  Hit 7 min after TD 2011 floods in major cities, including Wuhan, Seoul, etc. 08/08/2009 Morakat typhoon  Hsiaolin village lost  Over 700 casualties  C&C was blind and deaf

05/22/2011 EF 5 Tornado, Joplin MO 162 causalities and 990 injuries Majority of causalities were home Approximately one mile wide Hit 7 minutes after first touch down

A Tornado Emergency Scenario...THIS IS A TORNADO EMERGENCY FOR THE WARNED AREA... AT 703 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS AND STORM SPOTTERS WERE TRACKING A LARGE AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TORNADO. THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF SAVOY MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH. THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR... CHAMPAIGN BY 720 PM CDT... RANTOUL BY 729 PM CDT… PAXTON BY … A TORNADO WARNING MEANS THAT A TORNADO IS OCCURRING OR IMMINENT. YOU SHOULD ACTIVATE YOUR TORNADO ACTION PLAN AND TAKE PROTECTIVE ACTION NOW. SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE HAS OCCURRED WITH THIS SIGNIFICANT TORNADO! THIS IS AN EXTREMELY DANGEROUS AND SERIOUS LIFE THREATENING SITUATION..  Sound tornado sirens  Unlock shelter doors  Turn on spot lights on shelters  Adjust traffic signals on routes to shelters  Enable outside doors in homes to open when the storm hits.

Standard-Based Alert Delivery Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Authenticated message senders

Japanese Emergency Alert System

Common Alert Protocol (CAP 1.1) ITU-T Recommendation X 1303 (07/2007) A common format that supports  Broadcast of messages of all types to all public alert systems  Message exchange between emergency information systems  Aggregation and correlation of warnings from multiple sources  End-to-end authentication and validation  Automatic reports by sensor systems to analysis centers  Automatic processing by smart devices and applications

CAP-Aware Smart Devices Command generator Location filter Action activation rules Alarm extractor CAP Msg Processor Device location Device and installation specific controller Alarm type & information Tornado warring: Stay out CAP and location aware customizable device controller

One of quakes in past 25 years Buildings evacuated from NYC to DC 911 calls failed for more than an hour Traffic jams on N. VA highways Two nuclear power plants shut down 08/23/ quake in Virginia

Earthquake Detection $ 29  Affordable detectors based on that  P (primary/pressure) wave travels faster than S (secondary/shear) waves, and generate only shock  Slower S waves are destructive  Early earthquake warning systems consisting of seismic motion sensors networked with computer(s)  Issue warning based on likely strength and progression of seismic events and  Can allow warning 20 seconds or more before ground motion.

Earthquake Detection in Taiwan BATS: Broadband Array in Taiwan for Seismology 650 strong motion seismic stations Auto-location in seconds by taking advantage of Central Weather Bureau seismic network RF connections to TEC Data Center Capability of inverting BATS waveforms to obtain focal mechanisms for felt earthquakes in minutes Felt earthquakes 08/2011

Alert xmlns: … Sender: Central Weather Bureau Status: Actual MsgType: Alert Scope: Public Info Category: Geo Event: Earthquake Urgency: Immediate Severity: Strong Certainty: Observed Description: A strong earthquake measuring 6.9 occurred in … Parameters: Magnitude, depth, … Areas: Polygons specifying affected areas Resources: … … A Future Scenario

Elements of Disaster Prepared Environment  Standard-based alarm delivery and message exchanges as parts of disaster management infrastructure  Device interface for processing and responding to standard-based alarms  Dependable, low-cost, customizable smart devices for enhanced readiness against no-notice events Alarm type & information Command generator Location filter Action activation rules Alarm extractor CAP Msg Processor Device location Building gas valve

Cases for crowdsourcing human sensor data as part of SOP 2009 California wildfire 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill 2011 floods in major cities

Technological Support for Crowdsourcing Human Sensor Data E. Chu, et. al, “Strategies for Crowdsourcing for Disaster Situation Information,” WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, Vol.119, 2011  Theoretical foundation of crowdsourcing strategies:  Models of human sensors and intelligent things  Algorithms for participant selection & tour planning  Information refinement and validation tools  Automatic crawlers and user interface for collecting and summarizing related information posted on clouds  User interfaces to let the crowd help verifying collected information  Algorithms for removal of suspect information after the crowd validation stage  Means for diverse local-based service (LBS) devices and applications to share information

Open GeoSMS Open GeoSMS Standard Specification, Ed by C. F. Lin, et al, OGC r1, Feb … &GeoSMS GeoSMS I am attending ESWeek 2011 at TICC in Taipei Let us meet at the conference? EJB. GeoSMS/2; NULL; NULL; Q; Where is TICC GeoSMS/2; ,N; E; B; SMS query for location Reply with application provided location information GeoSMS/2; N; E;E; ROAD_FLOODING GeoSMS/2; N; E;E; SMOKE_VISIBLE Cross platform/system, and service standard Reports from participants Device/system/application provided location in a standard format Location accuracy adequate for now and is improving

2009 Morakat typhoon  Hsiaolin village lost  Over 700 casualties  C&C was blind & deaf

Internet Footprint Investigation Service  Active Network Probe (ANP) proactively queries landmarks  Reactive Footprint Searcher (RFS) looks for footprints in potentially disconnected areas reported by ANP L. J. Chen, et at., “A rapid method for detecting geographically disconnected areas after disasters,” to appear in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Technologies for Homeland Security, Nov Disaster Response Authorities Request for connectivity report ANP RFS List of polygons around disconnected landmarks Polygons of disconnected areas

About the Rest of the Talk  On cyber-physical aspects  Recent events and likely scenarios  Examples of beyond the state-of-the-art infrastructures, applications, and services with strong impacts  Cyber-physical elements of future smart living environment for better preparedness  On open framework for DMIS

Can facilitate the access, fusion, and use of data and information from all information sources built from things; Can weave together data/information from networked things and information contributed by people via web2.0 services to offer users less fragmented, more timely and trustworthy information with higher availability; Can support independent development of applications and services for all phases of disaster management; Can adapt with needs, improve through use, and grow in capabilities with scientific and technological advances. Distinguishing Capabilities of Open and Sustainable DMIS

Wrapper interface Filtering and Fusion Information SourcesApplicationsOpen Information System Disaster mitigation applications Disaster warning systems Real-time C3 Sahana & other DMS Road and traffic conditions data.gov.tw datasets Weather forecast, models, imagery, sea surface temperature, etc Census and GIS data on vegetation, wildlife, geological profile, etc. Eyewitness reports, news, messages, twitter, etc. OpenSensorIS Sensor data on water levels & flow rates, soil moisture profile, land slide susceptibility; seismic activities; bridge stress, etc. Information flow control mechanisms Fusion, virtualization, & visualization services

Contents contributed by diverse, independent sources Responsive, trustworthy emergency Information broker service Sources = applications/users Individualized view of a virtual data cloud for each application/user Effective use of compute, communication and storage resources provided by points of service

Virtual Repository (VR) VR interface services WIFIWIMAX PMR 3G/GPRS/LTE Bluetooth Open Information Gateway Real-Time Publish/Subscribe Service on Points of Services Trustworthy Emergency Information Brokerage Services (TIBS) Ontology/query translators Model mapping & format conversion VR registry Social report capture & validation tools Filtering, fusion & visualization Disaster situation analysis Tool libraries VR resources data.gov Sahana & other DMS Real-time C3 Disaster warning systems

TRIPS Communication infrastructure Heterogeneous And Plug-n-Play Network Store sensor data in persistent cloud Receive/report alerts Review data after disaster Publish/subscribe disaster data TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS Agent TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App TRIPS Exchanger TRIPS App Points Of Services OIGY

Emergency Information Access Break-the-glass (BTG) extensions of existing access control models TIBS (Trustworthy information brokerage service)  Proactive upload of emergency information on POS’s  Information release based on traceability and accountability Filters Scenario analysis SOPs & DSA workflows Information requirements Sources Filtered information Release and accountability causes Handle requests & enforce release policies POS

User Registration Policy Management Event trackers Policy DB Audit Record Identity Record Admin Audit Record Policy DB PEP PDP R RRRR P Audit Record Audit Record Helper ICC RC 3 Admin Provider Helper Policy DB PEPPIP PDP R RRRR P A Audit Record Provider Components of Information Broker Admin

Open Information Gateway C. T. Hsiao Research Center for IT Innovation, AS P. C. Yew & D. H. C. Du Computer Science, U. of Minnesota Virtual Repository C. S. Shih & P. Lin CSIE, Taiwan University L. J. Chen, C. L. Lin & W. H. Chung IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica K.J. Lin, ECE, UC-Irvine J. K.K. Zao CS, Chiao -Tung University S. W. Chen & J. W. S. Liu Institute of Information Science, AS E. T.-H. Chu, CS, Yunlin S&T University Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information OpenISDM Thematic Project J. M. Ho, D. T. Lee, C. T. Hsiao, J. W. S. Liu IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica S. C. Liu, C. Chou & S. C. Lung Center of Climate Extremes, Academia Sinica M. M. Lu, Central Weather Bureau Information Repository for Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters J. C. Lee, W. Z. Liang, and L. C. Kuo Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica Database for Studies of Crustal Deformation & Faulting Behavior F. T. Lin and H. L. Lin Urban Planning, Cheng-Kung University H. C. Chou National S&T Center for Disaster Reduction Disaster Information Systems for Resilient Communities

OpenISDM Thematic Project J. M. Ho, D. T. Lee, C. T. Hsiao, J. W. S. Liu IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica C. T. Hsiao Research Center for IT Innovation, AS P. C. Yew & D. H. C. Du Computer Science, U. of Minnesota Virtual Repository C. S. Shih & P. Lin CSIE, Taiwan University L. J. Chen, C. L. Lin & W. H. Chung IIS and CITI, Academia Sinica K.J. Lin ECE, UC-Irvine Open Information Gateway J. K.K. Zao CS, Chiao -Tung University S. W. Chen & J. W. S. Liu Institute of Information Science, AS E. T.-H. Chu, CS, Yunlin S&T University Flow Control and Fusion of Symbiotic Information S. C. Liu, C. Chou & S. C. Lung Center of Climate Extremes, Academia Sinica M. M. Lu, Central Weather Bureau Information Repository for Climate Extremes and Weather Disasters J. C. Lee, W. Z. Liang, and L. C. Kuo Institute of Earth Science, Academia Sinica Database for Studies of Crustal Deformation & Faulting Behavior F. T. Lin and H. L. Lin Urban Planning, Cheng-Kung University H. C. Chou National S&T Center for Disaster Reduction Disaster Information Systems for Resilient Communities

OpenISDM Project Overview Goals include  To develop underpinnings of a framework for responsive, open and sustainable information systems,  To exploit the use of multi-domain sensor information, scientific data and historical records in research. Innovative information technologies include:  Models/views of multi-domain, real-time, streaming & 4-D geospatial data to support analysis and simulation  Responsive emergency access and information flow control policies and enforcement mechanisms  Symbiotic fusion of information from things and people  Resilient and dynamic open information gateway  Standard-based support for DM applications/services

Open Information Gateway WIFIWIMAXPMR 3G/GPRS/LTE PMR Bluetooth Ontology/query translators VR registry VR interface services Model mapping & format conversion VR Resources Information access & flow control Information brokerage Libraries/ services Tools for validating social reports Filtering, fusion & visualization DSA framework Interface services Interface service k DSA Sensor data archive Historical records VARSE AESIS IASS Building blocks PPGIS Tool Box Thin client access CDEF DB CEWD DB PV DB

Project Timeline Integrated project supported by Academia Sinica and our home Institutions Launch Phase Supported by our home institutions Preparatory work: exploratory research, experimentation, prototyping plans

Thank You!

Networking & feed services Data hosting services Data caches Scientific and historical data CDFB Historical records Sensor data archive CEWD Open Information Gateway Access and flow control mechanisms Fusion, mining and visualization services Virtual Repository Disaster management applications & services OpenISDM Information Sources Applications

Sahana Data.gov +  Active network probing & reactive footprint search for damage assessment and report  Quick restoration of physical connectivity  Complementary use of cyber and human networks for high-level connectivity  Responsive publish/subscribe and event- triggered notification services