Unit 3- Cells A. Cell theory and microscopes B. Cell structure and function, organelles in eukaryotic cells C. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell organization, cell specialization

Write your name on your project and turn it in to the basket. Warm-up question: Your test is on Thursday November 12. When are you going to study? How will you study? What is your plan?

“CHUNK” A. Cell theory Learning TargetKey Vocab  Describe the 3 components of the cell theory  Describe the key events leading to the development of the cell theory -Describe the scientists involved and their major contribution to the development of the cell theory - Describe how the development of the light microscope was important in the observation of cells - Describe how advances in microscopy correspond to increases in the amount of detail possible to observe within a cell  Cell theory  Light microscope  Hooke  Leeuwenho ek  Schwann  Schleiden  Virchow

1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms (living things) 2. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. A1-What are the 3 parts of the cell theory?

A2- What events led to the development of the cell theory? All living things are made of cells. –Hooke discovered cells in cork. –Leeuwenhoek discovered microbes were made of cells. –Schleiden discovered that plants were made of cells –Schwann discovered that animals were made of cells Cells come from other cells. –Virchow discovered that cells make cells.

A3- What is the function of each of the parts of the microscope? Ocular Lens (10X) Objective Lenses (4x, 10x, 40x) Diaphragm Course adj. Knob Fine adj. knob

Microscope Part COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB -Brings objects into rapid but rough focus DIAPHRAGM -Controls the amount of light entering the scope OBJECTIVE LENSES -Lens pieces attached to the revolving nose piece FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB -Brings object slowly into a more detailed focus OCULAR LENS -eyepiece capable of 10x magnification

Chunk B: Organelles and cell structure and function Learning Target Identify the essential cell structures and their functions  Describe how plant cell structure is different from animal cell structure Vocab  Organelles  Nucleus  Ribosome  Mitochondrion  Chloroplast  Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  Golgi  Lysosome  Cell membrane  Cell wall  Vacuole  Cytoplasm  Centriole  Cytoskeleton  Plant cell  Animal cell

How is the cell like a factory? The cell is like a factory because the cell produces protein products just like a factory produces a product.

Which cell structures are involved in protein production and transport? Nucleus (DNA) Ribosome ER Golgi and vesicles Cell membrane

NUCLEUS The control center of the cell Contains DNA (coded instructions to make proteins) The DNA inside the nucleus is like the factory manager. The DNA contains the instructions for making the protein products in the cell, just like the factory manager has the instructions for making the product in the factory. The manager’s office is like the nucleus because that is where the instructions are kept. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

RIBOSOME Where proteins are assembled Found on the ER Found free in the cytoplasm The ribosomes are like the product assembly workers. The product assembly workers put together the product just like the ribosomes put together the protein product. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

Transports materials around cell Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it The ER is like the assembly line. The assembly line transports the product to different locations in the factory and helps add finishing touches to the product. The ER transports the protein once it has been made. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both? ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

GOLGI APPARATUS Modifies, sorts and packages proteins for export Can send packages within the cell or out of cell Flat stacks of membranes The GOLGI is like the shipping department. The shipping department labels the products and loads the packages into the delivery trucks. The Golgi sorts, labels, and prepares the proteins to be shipped to their destination in the organism. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

The cell membrane is like a security fence/guard that surrounds a factory. The security guard determines who can enter and leave the factory just like the cell membrane controls what materials enter and exit the cell. CELL MEMBRANE Flexible Controls what enters and exits the cell Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

Which cell structures are needed for general maintenance of the cell? Lysosome Vacuole Mitochondria cytoplasm

LYSOSOME Digests or breaks down old organelles, food, etc. Sac-like structure that contains digestive enzymes The lysosome is like the custodian. The custodian helps the factory run smoothly by cleaning up and taking care of the trash. The lysosome breaks down extra material and helps the cell get rid of waste. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both? Scientists didn’t think that plant cells have lysosomes, because the vacuole does similar things, and they don’t need to break down food since they make their own food. But new research shows that plants MAY have lysosomes.

MITOCHONDRIA Produces energy for the cell Has a double membrane The mitochondria is like a power generator. It supplies energy to run the factory, just like the mitochondria supplies energy to power the other processes in a cell. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

CYTOPLASM Clear, gelatinous fluid that fills the cell Supports or holds organelles The cytoplasm is like the factory floor. The factory floor provides the space needed for the workers to do their jobs just like the cytoplasm provides the space for the cell to do its jobs. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

VACUOLE Storage for food, water, waste Sac-like structure Large central vacuole found in plant cells; Few small vacuoles found in animal cells The vacuole is like the storage room. The storage room contains any left-over product or materials just like the vacuole stores materials the cell needs. Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both? Large Vacuole in Plants, small ones in animals (also called Vessicles in animals)

Which cell structures are found in a plant cell and not an animal cell? Cell wall chloroplast

CELL WALL Rigid structure outside of plasma membrane Provides support and protection Found in plant and fungal cells Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

CHLOROPLAST Captures sunlight and converts it into food (glucose) through Photosynthesis Contains chlorophyll Has a double membrane Animal or Plant or Both? Prokaryote or Eukaryote or Both?

Which cell structures are used for movement? Flagella Cilia

CILIA Short, hair-like projections on a cell’s surface Motion is similar to oars in a rowboat Helps unicellular organisms move or feed Animal or Plant or Both?

FLAGELLA Long projection on a cell’s surface Flagella make a whipping motion for movement Helps unicellular organisms move Animal or Plant or Both?

Chunk C- Cell types, cell organization, cell specialization Learning Target  Describe characteristics of prokaryotes  Compare and contrast eukaryotes and prokaryotes  Describe how cells are organized (cells, organs, tissues, systems)  Describe how specialized cells have specific structures need to do a specific job  Describe how unicellular and multicellular organisms do life functions Vocab  Prokaryote(n)  prokaryotic (adj.)  Eukaryote (n)  eukaryotic (adj)  Cell specialization

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryotic CellPoints of comparisonEukaryotic Cell Cell Size DNA Organelles Types of organisms

Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Stem Cells

Cell Specialization Specialized Cell – Form = Function A cell that has a specific job (function) in the cell. Because of the specific job, It has a specific shape or form