Bernard Nkuyubwatsi Institute of Learning Innovation Picture by Jonathas Mello, Wikimedia Commons

The dawn of OER Learning Objects: Digital entities which can be used, reused or referenced during a technology supported learning” (Rehak and Mason 2003 p. 21). MIT promotes its Open Courseware since 2001 Photo by Brenda Starr on Flickr

The Emergence UNESCO, 2002 Photo: Matthias Ripp, Flickr

Definition Teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions. UNESCO (2012)

Aspects of OER: 4 Rs Wiley (2007) identifies four Rs in OER: Reuse: Use the work verbatim, just exactly as you found it Rework /Revise: Adapt, modify, translate, or change the form of the work Remix: Combine them with other materials to create a new resource Redistribute: Share. e.g. a digital article to others

Major Promoters UNESCO Flora and Hewlett Foundation Commonwealth of Learning Open Educational Resources Foundation Creative Commons And others

Benefits Yawan and Ying (2013) and Ying and Yawan (2013) Reputation (institutional and Individual) Internationalisation of education and resources Innovation: Mobile Learning explored Share best practices, Reduce development cost and time Opportunities to learners outside higher Ed. Plus autonomy and flexibility (Mulder, 2007)

OER Repositories MIT Courseware ( OU OpenLearn ( Rice University’ Connexions ( Carnegie Mellon University’s Open Learning Initiative ( University of Nottingham’s uNow ( Merlott ( CORE: China Open Resources for Education ( )

CORE: China Open Resources for Education Key CORE projects Yawan and Ying (2013): Translation, localisation and use of OER from oversea Production and translation of national-level courses Application and development of open education software

From OER to open Courses Open Education Resources university (OERu): Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) To be covered in the 07 June Session.

Reference UNESCO (2012), 2012 Paris OER Declaration, available from to-knowledge/open-educational-resources/what-is-the-paris-oer- declaration/ (accessed 10 May 2013). to-knowledge/open-educational-resources/what-is-the-paris-oer- declaration/ Wiley, D. (2007) ‘Open education license draft’, blog entry posted 8 August Available from: (accessed 28 February 2012). Ying, L. and, L. Yawan (2013) “Chinese OER Joins iTunes U: Beijing Open University” in Dhanarajan, G. and Porter, D. (Eds) Open Educational Resources: An Asian Perspective, Vancouver, COL. Yawan, L. and Ying, L. (2013) “A Study on the use of open educational resources in China” in Dhanarajan, G. and Porter, D. (Eds) Open Educational Resources: An Asian Perspective, Vancouver, COL.