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By Kim Pow 2

Keep It Simple Student 3

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 Demonstrate use of the Harvard system of referencing.  The Why, What, How of referencing.  Understand the guidelines for the submission of written work. 5

 The Harvard Style is an author- date system that originated at Harvard University. Although they no longer produce a guide, this system is still referred to as the Harvard Style. 6

In 1881 Edward Laurens Mark wrote a paper on the embryogenesis of the garden slug, in which he included an author-date citation in parentheses on page 194, the first known instance of such a reference 7

 This guide is based on an Australian style manual (AGPS style) revised by Snooks & Co. (2002). Snooks and Co. (rev.) 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., Milton, Qld. 8

 Parentheses or Brackets one of two symbols ( and ). One of the two symbols ( and ), used in writing for separating a word, phrase, or number from the rest of a sentence. 9

Parenthetical referencing, also known as Harvard referencing, is a citation style in which partial citations (Smith 2010, p. 1) are enclosed within parentheses (round brackets) and embedded in the text, either within or after a sentence, as opposed to the footnote style. They are accompanied by a list of the full citations in alphabetical order in an end section, which is usually called "references," "reference list," "works cited" or "end-text citations. 10

Referencing guide  To assist students in correct referencing when completing assignments, please see the following Harvard reference system link: ng/harvard#how_to_cite_references 11

Library USQ Home USQ Home >... > Ask for help > Referencing guides > Harvard AGPS referencing guideAsk for helpReferencing guides 12

Academic conventions and copyright law require that you acknowledge when you use the ideas of others. In most cases, this means stating which book or journal article is the source of an idea or quotation. 13

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Why? Acknowledge debts to other writers. Demonstrate the body of knowledge upon which your assignment is based. Enable the reader(s) to locate your sources easily. 15

What ? Citing/Citation The way that (you) the writer refer to texts that you wish to include in your work – example to follow. Can also be all of the information retrieved from a bibliographical database search. References an alphabetical list describing each source that you have used. Bibliography a list of material you have used for information or inspiration but have not referred to directly in the text. 16

 your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form.  one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source.  a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea. 17

18 How ?

Mention author(s) Date of publication 19 Cole and Kelsey (2003) conclude that…. According to Cole (2001 p 25) ‘the evidence suggests these systems will not continue unless……’

20 Book Reference: Author(s),. (Date) Title. Edition. Place: Publisher..

21 How ? London: Book Reference: Author(s),.(Date)Title.Edition.Place:Publisher. Nicklin, P., and Kenworthy, N. eds.,(2000) Teaching and Assessing in Nursing Practice.3rd ed. Baillière Tindall. Journal Reference: Nicklin, P.(2001)Safety Conscious. Health Management.5 (5),24-25.

22 How ? London: Book Reference: Author(s),.(Date)Title.Edition.Place:Publisher. Nicklin, P., and Kenworthy, N. eds.,(2000) Teaching and Assessing in Nursing Practice.3rd ed. Baillière Tindall. Journal Reference: Nicklin, P.(2001)Safety Conscious. Health Management.5 (5),24-25.

prepare citation in text (check spelling and date!) Write the reference (or a prompt note) and insert (alphabetically) into reference page when ‘proof reading’ check each citation in the reference list keep your references for ‘re-cycling’ 23 How to do it

Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. 24

Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial(s). (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Blythe, J., and Royle, J.A. (1993) Assessing nurses' information needs in the work environment. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 81(4), p

Journal - Online: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. [format] Journal Title, Place of Publication: Publisher: Available at: [ Accessed Date]. Drury, R.M. (1997) Considerations in planning a computer learning lab for nursing students. [online] On-Line Journal of Nursing Informatics. Retrieved 25 March 2003 from 26

Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. Birx, E., Castleberry, K. and Perry, K. (1996) Integration of laptop computer technology into an undergraduate nursing course. Computers in Nursing. 14(2), p

Practice at writing references 28

29 Book

30 Book Reference: Author(s),. (Date) Title. Edition. Place: Publisher..

31 Journal

Journal: Author Surname, Author Initial. (Date) Article title. Journal Title, Volume (part), pages. 32

Schore, J., & Schore, A., ( 2008), Modern Attachment Theory: The Central Role of Affect Regulation in Development and Treatment, Clinical Social Work Journal, 36 : 9–20. DOI /s

¶ The pilcrow symbol ¶, also called the paragraph mark, paragraph sign, paraph, or alinea (Latin: a linea, 'off the line'), is a typographical character commonly used to denote individual paragraphs. 34

 Digital Object Identifier The DOI system provides a technical and social infrastructure for the registration and use of persistent interoperable identifiers for use on digital networks. 35

“Children usually do not have the words to articulate their feelings and perceptions about death, but sensory activities such as drawing and other art activities are a natural language through which to express their trauma and grief (Gil, 1991)”. 36

Malchiodi (2003, ¶ 18) states "Children usually do not have the words to articulate their feeling and perceptions about death but sensory activities such as drawing and other art activities are a natural language through which to express their trauma and grief ( Gil,1991) ". 37

Malchiodi, C.( 2003), Using Creative Activities as Intervention for Grieving Children, The National Institute for Trauma and Loss in Children, Accessed 30th April 2012 from 38

 ons/harvard/generalNotes.html 39

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