DISASTERS AND SECURITY: Key Concepts Carl Bruch July 5, 2016 Sofia, Bulgaria

Overview Key terms Security Environmental Security Human Security Disaster Risk Management Conceptual Framework Timeline Definitions Building Back Better

Security: The quality or state of being secure: as (a) freedom from danger; (b) freedom from fear or anxiety. Source: UNEP Source: UN

Environmental security: The protection of important ecosystem services and assurance of a supply of natural resources, including water, soil, energy, and minerals, in order to enable continued economic and social well-being. Source: UNEP Source: UN

Human security: Human security is a comprehensive framework for addressing widespread and cross-cutting threats. Recognizing that threats to individuals and communities vary considerably across and within countries, and at different points in time, the application of human security calls for an assessment of human insecurities that is people-centered, comprehensive, context-specific, and prevention-oriented. Source: UN

Disaster Risk Management increases the resilience of societies by improving environmental security and human security Source: UNEP Source: UN

Conceptual Framework: Climate Change as a Threat Multiplier

Conceptual Framework: Role of Disaster Risk Management

Disaster Risk Management Definition: The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies—in particular (1)prevention and mitigation, (2)preparedness, (3)response, and (4)recovery— in order to lessen the impacts of disasters.

Prevention and Mitigation Prevention – The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation – The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters.

Planning Contingency Planning – A management process that analyses specific potential events or emerging situations that might threaten society or the environment and establishes arrangements in advance to enable timely, effective, and appropriate responses to such events and situations. Other forms of planning: Land Use Planning (inc. zoning, building codes) Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning Project Planning (inc. Environmental Impact Assessment)

Preparedness The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities, and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, or current hazard events or conditions.

Response The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety, and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Examples: Rapid assessments or tests to determine the presence of hazardous materials Analysis of possible impacts on communities Source: UNEP Source: UN

Flash Environmental Assessment Tool (FEAT) Identifies existing or potential acute environmental impacts that pose risks for humans, human life-support functions and ecosystems, following sudden-onset natural disasters. Provides information on physical impacts to the natural environment, such as soil erosion and salt water intrusion.

Recovery The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods, and living conditions of disaster- affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. Source: UNEP Source: UN

Building Back Better: Rebuilding to Increase Resilience Hard aspects: Improved infrastructure and equipment Soft aspects: Improved institution building, capacity building, training, education Building back better seeks to reduce future risks and prevent conflict. Source: UNEP

Source: UN Благодаря! Carl Bruch