A New Calibration Facility for Small Flow of Hydrocarbon Liquid Asia Pacific Metrology Programme 2009 – TCFF Meeting, 14-15 Dec, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Report on the Progress of A New Calibration Facility for Small Flow of Hydrocarbon Liquid CHEONG Kar-Hooi Liquid Flow Standards Section, Fluid Flow Division NMIJ, AIST

Contents Background / Motivation Work on the New Facility Problems and Challenges Future Plan Background / Motivation

■Are there needs for small hydrocarbon flow standards? One example… 18.8 km/L ■Environmental friendly cars sell better than fast cars. ■People care for “km/L” much more than “km/h”. Fuel efficiency indicator becomes a standard specification for cars nowadays.

■Stricter regulations for fuel efficiency in the future. Country (year) km/L ⇒JPN (2020) 21 ⇒EU (2020) 24.5 ⇒US (2016) 15.1　 source: Asahi Shimbun (2009/12/3) With around 6 million of annual car sales in Japan, traceability for fuel efficiency is an urgent need.

■Flow range covered by the present oil facilities Flow conditions Light oil, kerosene Large: 15~35℃, 100~800 kPa Medium: 10~35℃, 300~700 kPa Large range 3 ~ 300 m3/h BMC 0.03% Medium range 0.1 ~ 15 m3/h BMC 0.03% Small range Not available 103 102 10 1 10-2 10-3 10-1 Flow range m3/h 10-4

Contents Background / Motivation Work on the New Facility Problems and Challenges Future Plan

■Outline of the new facility Storage tank ・Volume capacity: 26L ・Working fluid: light oil Header tank ・Cylinder ・Volume capacity: 2L Flow generation section Heat exchanger ・Cooling power: 900W, ・Heating power: 2.5kW, ・Temperature range: 15~35℃ 　　　　　　　　　　　（±0.1~0.2℃） Magnetic gear pump ・revolution speed is changeable ・max. 11L/min, 0.87MPa 7

■Outline of the new facility Positive displacement flowmeter (check standard) Coriolis flowmeter 1/8” Test line ・0.001~0.01m3/h ・Re=120~1200 1/4” Test line ・0.01~0.1m3/h ・Re=1200~4300 Test section 100D DUT Resistance thermometer sensor (explosion-proof) Pressure transmitter 8

■Outline of the new facility ■Gravimetric calibration ■Method: Standing-start-and-finish with static weighing Flowrate control valve Bypass to storage tank Weighing section Weighing scale Capacity: 6.2kg Readability: 0.01g Resolution: 1/620000 Weighing vessel (beaker) Enclosed chamber 9

■Facility in building process… The facility is being built in a room designated as hazardous area due to flammable working fluid. Lighting and electrical wiring were also upgraded to explosion-proof level. Once in operation, the room will be ventilated and humidified at all time.

■Problems and Challenges Measurement uncertainty is targeted at 0.1%. Uncertainty budget will be done once the facility is operational. Uncertainty due to the weighing section has to be evaluated carefully. Short of money （￥）: explosion-proof equipment and room renovation are too costly. Room temperature control is not effective at present. Installation of high-performance air-conditioning is necessary. Automation of the facility. Shift to flying-start-and-finish method. For this, diverter system needs to be installed.

■Future Plan m3/h 0.1 Calibration range 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Light oil, kerosene Light oil, kerosene Estimated flow range for evaluation of fuel efficiency Light oil Light oil Calibration range 0.01 0.001 0.0001 0.00005 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Thank you for your attention. Terima kasih. mail: kh.cheong@aist.go.jp Mt. Tsukuba