The need for Speed and the potential of Thunderbolt Paul Maria Zalewski, Product Line Manager

The need… is it there? What is happening in the overall MV camera market? Prices are dropping and units are increasing There is an “Hourglass Effect” occurring which is significantly constricting the “middle" of the market Where do we see the potential for the top of the hourglass? Semiconductor, Metrology, FPD, Broadcast, Sports analytics, Transportation Inspection, the list is growing Why is it strategic and how does it impact me? High-end Low-end

Contents Thunderbolt Specifications High Speed Machine Vision Interface Comparison Thunderbolt Cameras in our industry

Thunderbolt Specifications

Overview of Thunderbolt Interface Thunderbolt is an I/O technology that supports high resolution displays and high-performance data devices through a single, compact port Up to 6 devices may be daisy-chained per path, with a high degree of synchronization (within 8 ns)

Thunderbolt Features Thunderbolt combines PCI Express (PCIe) and DisplayPort (DP) into one serial signal alongside a DC connection for power, transmitted over one cable 10 – 40 Gbit/s DP v1.2 4k video streaming DP v1.2 4k video streaming Provides 9.9 W

Thunderbolt Data Rates Raw data rates: Thunderbolt 1: 10 Gbit/s (1250 MB/s) Thunderbolt 2: 20 Gbit/s (2500 MB/s) Thunderbolt 3: 40 Gbit/s (5000 MB/s) Real world data rates: Thunderbolt 1: 6.8 Gbit/s (850 MB/s) Accounting for overhead Thunderbolt 2: 11 Gbit/s (1375 MB/s) Increased drop due to link-aggregation Thunderbolt 3: ~27 Gbit/s. (2160 MB/s) Actual value t.b.d.

Thunderbolt 1 and 2: Cables and Connectors Connectors are physically compatible with mini- DisplayPort Cables are copper (up to 3m) or optical (up to 60m) Optical cables longer, thinner, lighter, more flexible than copper-based cables 9.9W of power per port over copper and hybrid cables Cables are active. Connectors are the transceivers

Thunderbolt 3: Cables and Connectors Thunderbolt 3 cables have yet to be defined Potentially will use the universal Type-C connector Type-C cables could provide up to 100 Watts of power USB Type-C – Combines all in one USB Micro-B Display Port PowerUSB Type- B USB Type-A 4.5 mm 10.4 mm 4.0 mm 4.7 mm 1.8 mm 2.4 mm

High Speed Machine Vision Interface Comparison

Machine Vision Interface Speeds

Machine Vision Interface Comparison Interface Real World Rate 1 (MB/s) Power (W) Copper Length (m) Optical Length (m) Multiple Cameras Frame Grabber CPU Usage AcceptanceSystem CostCommercial Availability Vision Standard USB 3.0 SS GoodNo Low HighLowQ1 2010USB3 Vision 1.0 USB 3.1 SS GoodNo Low EmergingLow2015?USB3 Vision 1.0 FireWire ExcellentNo Low DecliningMed-low2003IIDC 1394 DCAM BaseT (GigE) GoodNo Medium ExcellentLow2000GigE Vision G BaseT (10GigE) GoodNo Medium HighMedium2007n/a Thunderbolt ExcellentNo Low EmergingMed-lowQ2 2011n/a Thunderbolt ExcellentNo Low EmergingMed-lowQ4 2013n/a Thunderbolt ExcellentNo Low EmergingMed-low2016n/a OcuLink x (passive)100 (AOC)n/aNo Low n/aUnknown2015?n/a OcuLink x (passive)100 (AOC)n/aNo Low n/aUnknown2015?n/a CoaxPress x n/aFairYes Medium LowHigh2012CoaXPress v1.1 CoaxPress x n/aFairYes Medium LowHigh2012CoaXPress v1.1 Camera Link (base) n/aFairYes Medium LowHigh2000Camera Link 2.0 Camera Link (med) n/aFairYes Medium LowHigh2003Camera Link 2.0 Camera Link (full) n/aFairYes Medium LowHigh2005Camera Link Estimated, not guaranteed 2 USB PD extends it up to 100W 3 PoE (IEEE 802.3af-2003) 4 PoCL (JIIA CLR )

Machine Vision Interface Comparison Conclusions Direct interface to PCI Express bus makes sense High data rates No frame grabber Low CPU load Ubiquitous host computer acceptance Low cost The following external PCI Express cabling solutions have emerged: External PCI Express (ePCIe) – dropped by PCI-SIG (PCI standards body) in favor of OCuLink OCuLink (almost finalized) – emerging with delays from PCI-SIG Thunderbolt – closed technology, requiring Intel certification Only Thunderbolt is currently mature enough for using it in machine vision applications and promising long time support from its initiators: Intel and Apple Currently, there is no vision standard for PCIe based interfaces

Thunderbolt Cameras for Machine Vision

Driven by customer demands for higher image quality and frame rates, high bandwidth CMOS sensors continue to take over the machine vision market New interfaces must be investigated to keep up with the sensor bandwidth demands, meet evolving application challenges, and remain cost competitive With a promising throughput, high power delivery, high degree of synchronization for multi-camera systems, and solid consumer product support, Allied Vision is investigating Thunderbolt for our next high speed camera development

Thank you everyone… now to your questions!