 History  1958, Mao encouraged unlimited growth  Population exploded  1979, Deng Xiaoping established policy  “temporary measure”

 Purpose  Limit population growth in order to foster economic growth

 Implementation  Applies to ethnic Han Chinese in urban areas  Rural couples can have two if first is a girl  No penalty for twins  Some 21 st -century exceptions  Use of propaganda to educate and convince

 Implementation  Fines imposed on couples who have more than one  Strict government monitoring  Forced abortions  Forced sterilization  Forced abandonment  Infanticide

 Consequences (intended and/or unintended)  Disdain for female babies  Refugee families trying to escape system  Skewed male-to-female ratio  Exacerbation of gap between rich and poor

 Consequences (intended and/or unintended)  Couples who lose only child  Lack of care for elderly  “Little Emperor” syndrome  Lonely children

 Why or why not?