Beneficial compaction of spinal cord lesion by migrating astrocytes through glycogen synthase kinase ‐ 3 inhibition by Francois Renault ‐ Mihara, Hiroyuki Katoh, Takeshi Ikegami, Akio Iwanami, Masahiko Mukaino, Akimasa Yasuda, Satoshi Nori, Yo Mabuchi, Hirobumi Tada, Shinsuke Shibata, Ken Saito, Masayuki Matsushita, Kozo Kaibuchi, Seiji Okada, Yoshiaki Toyama, Masaya Nakamura, and Hideyuki Okano EMBO Mol Med. Volume 3(11): November 2, 2011 ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Ro is more potent than a previously utilized GSK ‐ 3 inhibitor. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Sustained, but not acute, inhibition of GSK ‐ 3 by Ro stimulates the migration of astrocytes and reduces their spreading in vitro. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

In vivo administration of Ro for the first 5 days after SCI in mice is effective. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Administration of Ro after SCI accelerates the compaction of infiltrated inflammatory cells by stimulating reactive astrocyte migration. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Treatment with Ro reduces the size of the lesion scar at 14 DPI. A. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Administration of Ro reduces demyelination and promotes functional recovery after contusive SCI. A. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Gene microarray analysis examining the effects of sustained GSK ‐ 3 inhibition by Ro on primary astrocyte cultures. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Gene expression differences of selected gene clusters. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

Increased migration of astrocytes in vitro upon prolonged Ro treatment relies on reduced cell adhesion with the ECM due to decreased surface expression of β1 ‐ integrin. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization

The Ro ‐ mediated reduction of β1 ‐ integrin expression in the spinal cord is concomitant with the spontaneous upregulation of laminin at 10 DPI. A. Francois Renault ‐ Mihara et al. EMBO Mol Med. 2011;3: ©2011 by European Molecular Biology Organization