SASLAB Sustainability Assessment of Second Life Application of Automotive Batteries Batteries2020 Workshop JRC Exploratory Research 2016 Franco Di Persio, and Andreas Pfrang (JRC, IET - F02, Petten) Silvia Bobba, Fabrice Mathieux (JRC, IES – H08, Ispra) Maarten Messagie (VUBrussels) 1

- Analysis of existing / pilot systems Literature analysis International projects (e.g. SUNBATT, Second Life Batteries project, AlpStore, ABattRelife, etc.) LCA methodological approach Key parameters for assessing the environmental performances of second-life applications of batteries (e.g. lifetime, DOD, temperature, chemistry, cycles, etc.) Different reuse scenarios for EVs batteries Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems 1

- Analysis of existing / pilot systems Understanding of the whole chain of processes  Characterization of current practices/processes to clearly define and understand the system in order to establish the system boundaries (technological, geographical, etc.) Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems 2

- Analysis of existing / pilot systems Understanding of the whole chain of processes  Identification of the key actors of the battery chain  Contact/interview/collect information from key actors of the battery chain Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems 3

- Analysis of existing / pilot systems Understanding of the whole chain of processes  Questionnaires (developed based on Ardente et al. 2015)  Car companies  Waste batteries collectors  Repurposing companies  Actors using re-purposed batteries  Experts  Interviews outcome  CRF (03/2016)  Renault: limited feedback  Peugeot: no feedback  Sitbat: we are in contact with them 4

Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems - Analysis of existing / pilot systems LCA literature review  There are already examples of LCA of EVs batteries (even from-cradle-to-grave)  Different scenarios of energy storage are considered:  Stationary storage  Intermittent Renewable Energy Supply (RES) systems  Residential Demand/Response service 5

Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems - Analysis of existing / pilot systems LCA literature review  Li-ion batteries (LMO / LFP / )  Impact categories:  Climate change  Mineral resource depletion  Human Toxicity  Particulate Matter Formation  System boundaries:  Production process (raw materials extraction, transportation, assembly)  Use phase  first life / second life / key parameters (e.g. temperature / degradation / lifetime / DOD / …)  EoL  usually recycling process is considered 6

Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems - Environmental assessment: open questions Functional unit Battery chemistry (LFP, LMO, NCA) and battery key parameters System boundaries based on  the literature review and  the interviews outcomes  To be clarified soon:  First life: from literature?  Second-life: our data  Recycling /disposal phase: from literature? Definition of the base-case scenario and of the comparison scenarios Impact categories:  ILCD/PEF recommendations will be used for the LCIA  Specific impact categories 7

Definition and initialization of re-purposing systems - Economic assessment: open questions Share of market / evolution Existing economic assessment concerning batteries second-life application (e.g. Saez et al., 2015; Heymans et al., 2014; Gruber et al., 2011; Viswanathan and Meyer, 2011; Wolfs, 2010; …) Global EV Outlook (2015) 8 Saez-de-Ibarra (2015)

Thank you for the attention… Sustainability Assessment of Second Life Application of Automotive Batteries (SASLAB)