Views on Infertility, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and Social Egg Freezing in the European Union An Opinion Poll conducted by for

Methodology Data Collection Survey:  European Sample - Internet survey held from 26 to 30 May 2016 Samples Sample composed of 2,986 Europeans (French, British, Spanish, German and Italian individuals) representative of the population of each country, aged ≥ 18 years. To ensure that the sample was representative, quotas were applied to the following variables: sex, age, profession of the interviewed subject following stratification by region and type of urban area.

3 I - Fertility, ART: The Current Climate of Opinion in Europe

4 Age at which a woman is most fertile In your opinion, at what age is a woman most fertile? Numerical response Mean age: 25 years Europe 27 18% 6% 41% 35% 23% 7% 39% 31% 34% 11% 36% 19% 27% 9% 39% 25% 20% 12% 44% 24% Under 22 years 24% years 9% years 40% 28 years and over 27%

5 Ideal age at which to have one’s first baby And in your opinion, what is the ideal age at which to have one’s first baby? Numerical response Mean age: 27 years Europe 12% 28% 21% 38% 23% 31% 19% 26% 11% 29% 25% 34% 19% 36% 20% 24% % 32% 26% 30% 1% - Under 25 years 16% years 32% years 22% 30 years and over 27% DNK 1% 27

6 Infertility: Difficulties in Having or the Inability to Have a Baby What does infertility mean to you? Is it… Europe Italy

7 Detailed Results for Europe What does infertility mean to you? Is it… Infertility: Difficulties in Having or the Inability to Have a Baby - Detailed Results for Europe

8 Detailed Results for Europe Artificial insemination techniques (DNK) 52%53% 27% 45% 41% 65% 19% 54% 33% IVF (In vitro fertilisation) Sperm Donation Egg Donation Frozen embryo transfer Surrogacy 41%35%42%57%28% 37%27%37%41%45% 28%24%20%28%33% 28%23%37%35%20% 12%10%15%14%10% Kinds of Procedures Included in ART – Detailed Results for Europe In your opinion what kinds of procedures are included in ART? Multiple responses possible Use of medication to stimulate the ovaries Oocyte cryopreservation 36%39%36%41%33% 49% 33% 49% 34% 33% 29% 10% 34% 28% 30%21%31%32%34% 31%

9 Level of Information about ART Do you consider yourself to be very well-informed, somewhat well-informed, somewhat uninformed, or very uninformed about ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology)? Europe Subtotal Uninformed: 71% Subtotal Well- Informed: 29% Italy Subtotal Uninformed: 75% Subtotal Well- Informed: 25%

10 Subtotal Uninformed Subtotal Well- Informed 21% 79% Detailed Results for Europe Level of Information about ART – Detailed Information for Europe Do you consider yourself to be very well-informed, somewhat well-informed, somewhat uninformed, or very uninformed about ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology)? 38% 62% 28% 72% 36% 64% 25% 75%

11 II – ART Opinion Poll

12 Approval of ART for Lesbian Couples and Single Women Are you personally in favour of or opposed to ART… 60% 39% 54% 45%76% 23% 60% 39% 58% 41% 54% 45% 86% 14%51% 46% 59% 39% 57% 42% Italy

13 How ART is Viewed For each of the following statements about ART, please tell us if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. ART… Subtotal Agree 87% Subtotal Disagree 13% 74%25% 70% 29% 60%39% 69%31% 58% 41% 58% Subtotal Agree 77% Subtotal Disagree 22% 81%18% 59% 40% 61%38% 77%22% 67% 33% 46%53% Italy Is easier to undertake in other countries Is a real advance for infertile couples Is only available to wealthy people Can be a challenge for family, friends or society to accept Can lead to (unethical) embryo screening Can be difficult for the partner who is the only biological parent or for the non-biological parent Is a technique that goes against nature

14 How ART is Viewed – Detailed Results for Europe For each of the following statements about ART, please tell us if you strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, or strongly disagree. ART… *% Subtotal Agree 89% 77% 66% 36% 82% 58% 87% 74% 70% 60% 58% 41% Is a real advance for infertile couples Is easier to undertake in other countries Can be difficult for the partner who is the only biological parent or for the non- biological parent Can lead to (unethical) embryo screening Can be a challenge for family, friends or society to accept Is a technique that goes against nature 92% 84% 91% 59%72%77% 49% 70% 53% 28% 44% 46% 57% 65% 80% 41% 58%61% 64% 68% Is only available to wealthy people 82% 63% 77% 59% 61% 46% 81% 67% 77% 63%

15 Subtotal NoSubtotal Yes 53%47% 41% 65% 59% 35% 58%42% Detailed Results for Europe 51%49% Sperm Donation - Detailed Results for Europe Sperm and egg donation are intended for people who are unable to have a child… Would you personally be willing to donate your sperm? Basis: For men

16 Reasons for Opposing Sperm Donation (1/2) Why would you prefer not to donate your sperm? Basis: For men who did not want to donate their sperm 46% (Not including UK) 33% 12% 10% 6% - 2 possible responses - 53% 30% 6% 13% 8% 4% 32% 51% 15% 7% 12% 7% 11% 9%16% 54% 31% 12% 10% 9% 1% 9% 46% 20% 15% 10% 9% 12% 10%

17 Reasons for Opposing Sperm Donation (2/2) Why would you prefer not to donate your sperm? Basis: For men who did not want to donate their sperm - 2 possible responses - UK

18 Egg Donation Sperm and egg donation are intended for people who are unable to have a child… Would you personally be willing to donate your eggs? Basis: For women Europe Subtotal No: 67% Subtotal Yes: 33% Italy Subtotal No: 68% Subtotal Yes: 32%

19 Subtotal NoSubtotal Yes 33%67% 25% 58% 75% 42% 74%26% Detailed Results for Europe 32%68% Egg donation - Detailed Results for Europe Sperm and egg donation are intended for people who are unable to have a child… Would you personally be willing to donate your eggs? Basis: For women

20 Reasons for Opposing Egg Donation (1/2) Why would you prefer not to donate your eggs? Basis: For women who did not want to donate their eggs 36% 25% - 2 possible responses - (FR-ES-IT) 31% 24% 39% 11% 5% 2% 32% 13% 9% 6% 3% 4% 45% 21% 30% 12% 7% 4% 3% 5% 6% 31% 29% 26% 16% 8% 5% 9%

21 Reasons for Opposing Egg Donation (2/2) Why would you prefer not to donate your eggs? Basis: For women who did not want to donate their eggs UK - 2 possible responses -

22 III - Focus on Social Egg Freezing

23 Knowledge of Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non- Medical Reasons Have you ever heard of oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons (for example, women freezing their eggs so that they can conceive later in life)? Europe Italy

24 Detailed Results for Europe Knowledge of Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non- Medical Reasons Have you ever heard of oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons (for example, women freezing their eggs so that they can conceive later in life)?

25 How Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non-Medical Reasons is Viewed Are you personally in favour of or opposed to oocyte cryopreservation when it is done for ‘non- medical reasons’? Europe Italy

26 Detailed Results for Europe How Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non-Medical Reasons is Viewed - Detailed results for Europe Are you personally in favour of or opposed to oocyte cryopreservation when it is done for ‘non- medical reasons’?

27 Main Motivation for Approving of Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non-Medical Reasons Why are you in favour of the cryopreservation of oocytes when it is done for ‘non-medical reasons’? Basis: For those who approved of oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons 34% 37% 20% 9% Because it is a form of medical progress that should not be opposed Because it frees single women without partners from having to worry about their biological clocks Because it gives women a chance to advance their careers before having a baby Because laws and practices should be the same across Europe 37% 42% 11% 10% 36% 31% 21% 12% 39% 38% 16% 7% 29% 39% 23% 9% 42% 25% 24% 9%

28 Main Motivation for Opposing Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non-Medical Reasons Why do you oppose cryopreservation of oocytes when it is done for ‘non-medical reasons’? Basis: For those who opposed oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons 26% 33% 30% 11% Because it is a way of exploiting women’s suffering for commercial gain 26% Because it is an unnatural technique and/or it goes against your religion 33% Because it lends credence to the idea that being a mother has a bad effect on a woman’s career 30% Because it is too costly for the government 11% 34% 40% 19% 7% 45% 25% 21% 9% 16% 29% 43% 12% 33% 30% 7% 14% 40% 29% 17%

29 Employer Coverage of Fees for Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non-Medical Reasons Some American companies cover fees incurred by their female employees for oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons (so that women can wait to have a baby at a later date). Do you think that this is a good or a bad thing? Europe Italy

30 Detailed Results for Europe Employer Coverage of Fees Related to Oocyte Cryopreservation for Non-Medical reasons - Detailed Results for Europe Some American companies cover fees incurred by their female employees for oocyte cryopreservation for non-medical reasons (so that women can wait to have a baby at a later date). Do you think that this is a good or a bad thing?