Overview: Non-Vascular Plants Phylum Bryophyta Phylum Hepatophyta Phylum Anthocerophyta

Phylum Bryophyta = the Mosses

Phylum Bryophyta = the Mosses General characteristics: short plants no vascular system no “true” stems, roots, or leaves need constant water supply for survival

Phylum Bryophyta = the Mosses Habitat wetlands, moist areas, areas with standing water Depend upon diffusion for transport of nutrients Require water for reproduction

Phylum Bryophyta = the Mosses Reproduction Needs standing water for sperm to swim to eggs Alternation of generations: alternation between a gameophyte generation & a sporophyte generation Reproductive structures = SPORES (no seeds) Moss sperm Moss spores

Phylum Bryophyta = the Mosses Structures: Capsule / Sporangium Sporophyte Gametophyte Rhizoids (root-like)

Phylum Bryophyta : examples Sphagnum Function= retain water, improve soil e.g. aid in orchid cultivation

Phylum Bryophyta : examples Plume moss

Phylum Bryophyta : examples Common peat moss Used to improve soil water retention Peat moss is a dead form of Sphagnum moss that grows in the North American taiga.

Phylum Bryophyta = the Mosses Dominant generation of mosses = gametophyte this is the sporophyte

Phylum Hepatophyta (Liverworts)

Phylum Hepatophyta (Liverworts) short, flat plant no vascular system no “true” stems, roots, or leaves no stomata habitat= wetlands need standing water for sexual reproduction (sperm swim to eggs) Dominant generation = gametophyte

Phylum Hepatophyta – examples Marchantia

Phylum Hepatophyta – examples Monoclea forsteri

Phylum Hepatophyta – examples Assorted liverworts

Mosses vs. Liverworts

Phylum Anthocerophyta Hornworts

Phylum Anthocerophyta Hornworts short, flat plant no vascular system, no “true” stems, roots, or leaves sporophytes have stomata Habitat – wetlands Reproduction - standing water for sexual repro. (sperm swim to eggs) Dominant generation= gametophyte