GEOGRAPHY REVIEW ■ How the earth is represented ◆ Maps ◆ Globes ■ How the earth is organized ◆ Directions ◆ Mathematical measurements ■ How the earth is divided ◆ Hemispheres

Measurements ■ Lines of latitude (parallels) ◆ Measured in degrees N&S of equator ◆ 0 to 90 ■ Lines of longitude (meridians) ◆ Measured in degrees E&W of prime meridian ◆ 0 to 180

Map Activity Identify the countries on the map by coloring them Example 1. United States of America – Blue Then list the countries its near by. Example: 1. United States of America is near by Canada and Mexico.

Opening Activity (OA) 1 1. What is the role of the government? 2. What are some of their responsibilities?

Key Terms Government the group of people who control and make decisions for a country, state a particular system used for controlling a country Political: relating to government Laws: rules made by the government of a town or country

Key Terms Monarchy (Mono – One): a country that is ruled by a King or a queen Aristocracy: Few privileged people rule the country There is a ruling class that has special rights or privileges Oligarchy: government by the few a government in which a small group exercises control

Rise of Democracy ■ Rise of Democratic Ideals ◆ Evolution (changed) from Monarchy and Aristocracy or Oligarchy ◆ Athens, Greece ■ Democracy: Type of government in which people have the power ◆ Pure/Direct Democracy – every citizen participated in decision making ◆ Representative Democracy– when people choose representatives to make decisions for them ■ Principles of Democracy ◆ Rule by law, Rule by the people, Due process (Government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

Vocab Story You will come up with a story in which you will incorporate at least 7 of these terms. You will underline your terms: Political Law Government Monarchy Aristocracy Pure democracy Representative democracy Polis Athens Tyrants

OA 2 1.Tell me what you know about the Ancient Greeks:

OA Tell me what you know about what’s going on in the video

Rise of Democracy Polis – Greek City States Athens – City in Greece, where early democracy was formed Tyrants – rulers who seized power by force and were not subjected to the law

Golden age of Greece ■ Reforms of Solon ◆ Council of 400 – reviewed laws before reaching the assembly ◆ Freed slaves ■ Reforms of Cleisthenes ◆ Increased number & power of assembly (500) ◆ Direct Democracy (Male citizens over 18) ■ Reforms of Pericles ◆ Paid salaries – allowed more citizens to get involved with the government ◆ Schools of Philosophy ♦ Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

OA 4 Pg 139 What is Philosophy? Do you have any philosophy you live your life by? Ex: “You are what you eat”

Philosophy Philosophy is an organized system of thought Philo -- Love Sophia – Wisdom Philosopher was a person who loves and seeks wisdom and knowledge. In Athens, Greek philosophers spoke of nature of life, people, and government. Plato’s, The Republic How government should be organized

Analyzing, THE REPUBULIC 1.circle or highlight words you need to define 2.Underline main messages/facts 3.Summarize each part of the reading below

Three Souls

OA gendler gendler 1.Describe Plato’s allegory of the cave: 2.What do you think is the meaning behind it?

Myths of Rome Romulus and RemusFall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War)

Wars and Conquests Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless. This led to civil wars.

Roman Republic Monarchy was overthrown, and the citizens created a republic. I. Republic representative government Ensure not one person gained too much power II. Branches of the government: Senate and two assemblies Senate-- Most powerful governing body in Rome Senators served for life and was responsible for making laws (legislation)

Roman Senate

Roman Republic Patricians the original aristocratic families of Ancient Rome Powerful elites Plebeians Commoners— farmers, merchants, artisans and traders Slaves Prisoners of war or people in debt

Roman Legal System ◆ Inequalities in Rome led to the creation of the 12 Tables ◆ 12 Tables—Rome’s first code of law that was written down on stone tablets. ◆ Tribunes – elected from the lower classes and who had the power to block (veto) decisions made by the assemblies.

What are some similarities?

12 Tables of Rome! First Legal code of Rome that was the foundation of Roman Republic. Laws wanted more equality Strict Punishments Military society Slave society Hierarchy (some people are powerful and some people are not) Patriarchy (male/father ruling)

Roman Empire

OA Similarities Christianity Judaism Islam

Abrahamic Religions One God – monotheistic Prayer Holy book Pilgrimage Prophets Charity Fasting Christianity Jesus is the Son of God Judaism Still waiting for the Messiah or Savior Islam Muhammad is the last prophet God has sent to earth

OA 1.What purposes do laws serve? 2.What kind of laws are there in today’s society?

OA 1. Tell me what you know about the Burkini Ban: UzymU 2. Tell me the arguments for and against wearing a Burkini

Abrahamic Religions Three monotheistic (mono – one; theism – belief in god) religions that worship the one “God” that revealed itself to Abraham in the biblical stories Judaism Christianity (in history this will mean all denominations) Islam

Judeo-Christian Tradition ■ “New” religions stress laws written in scripture and fair and equal treatment ◆ Judaism: teachings of prophets (i.e.10 Commandments) Torah ◆ Christianity: teachings of Jesus New Testament texts(morality, individualism) ◆ Islam: teachings of Prophet Mohammed Quran(dignity; charity)

Compare and Contrast

Key Terms 1.Catholic Church (151) 2.Middle Ages (155) 3.Feudalism (155) 4.Common Law (156) 5.Magna Carta (156) 6.Parliament (156) 7.Renaissance (158) 8.Leonardo da Vinci (158) 9.Protestant Reformation (158) 10.Martin Luther (159)

OA Take notes on today’s edition of CNN Student News

Middle Ages ■ Absolutism is the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters. ■ Governments based on Absolutism also called Absolute Monarchy lasted for 1000 years ■ Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the monarch (King or Queen) has absolute power among his or her people. He or she has unrestricted political power.

Middle Ages Feudalism: Social and political system in which Nobles owed allegiance to the King, peasants owed services and taxes to the Nobles

Medieval Reforms (Changes) ◆ Magna Carta (1215) ◆ Nobles forced King of England to sign this document ◆ Limited the power of the king ◆ Source of rights and liberties ◆ Parliament –Representative body /Legislature to check the powers of the King

Social Movements ■ Renaissance (Rebirth) ◆ Cultural movement in Italy ◆ Modeled after Greek, Roman ♦ Art, Music, Philosophy ♦ Da Vinci, Michelangelo, etc ◆ Stressed individualism and secular (not Godly) things

Michelangelo's Pietà

Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Church is the oldest and largest Christian church in the world. Christianity became the official religion of Roman Empire in 380 BC The church established official Councils to unify the church There were MANY early churches! Pope (Papacy) served as the head of the church in Rome.

Roman Catholic Church The Great Schism 1054 Split between the churches in Western Rome and Eastern Rome Western European Kingdoms adopted Roman Catholic Church Eastern European Kingdoms adopted East Orthodox Churches Political alliances with the monarchs of Europe

Two different traditions Pope– Head of the Roman Catholic Church Patriarchs – Heads of the East Orthodox Churches

Division of the Western Church ■ Reformation ◆ Religious movement led by Martin Luther, a German Monk ◆ Sought to end corruption in the Church (Roman Catholic Church) ♦ Indulgences – payment to the Church in exchange for forgiveness of sin. ♦ Nailed 95 theses to church door ♦ Stood his ground at Diet of Worms ♦ Western Church was Divided Church into Catholics and Protestants.

OA Reformation (CrashCourse) Take at least 7 notes regarding the Reformation.