2 | 1 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

2 | 2 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Selecting a Reading System 8

8 | 3 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. First Steps of the Reading Process Develop Positive Attitudes and Behaviors Begin with an attitude to learn Create reading goals Be patient and do not rush the reading process Be persistent Use all available resources Adjust your reading rate Take responsibility for your learning

8 | 4 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Purposes for Reading PurposesDescription Recreational Reading Use to read newspapers, magazines, short stories, poetry, or fiction Read to be entertained, read for pleasure, or read to stay updated on current events. Overview ReadingUse for new material or difficult material. Survey or skim to create a big picture or framework before reading thoroughly. Read through difficult material uninterrupted and without stalling to become familiar with the topic before beginning thorough reading.

8 | 5 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Purposes for Reading PurposesDescription Thorough ReadingUse for textbook or course-related materials. Use reading flexibility to adjust to levels of difficulty. Read slowly and systematically to allow your brain time to acquire and process new information and skills Read to understand paragraph structures, organizational patterns, and to identify important information to record in notes. Use elaborative rehearsal strategies to practice new information. Comparative Reading Use for two or more articles, excerpts, or books on the same subject. Compare or contrast, organize, and analyze for similarities and differences in points of view, rationale, implication, interpretations, models, or approaches.

8 | 6 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Adjusting Reading Rate Selecting an appropriate amount of material to read before pausing to think or work with information (Read-Pause Approach) –Easy: Page –Average: Paragraph –Difficult: Sentence or group of sentences Chunking- Process of grouping information into meaningfully sized units of information to comprehend and process.

8 | 7 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Surveying a Textbook The process of previewing or skimming information to get an overview. Table of Contents The “roadmap” Provides overview of the organization of the topics, chapter headings and subheadings Introductory Materials Includes: Preface, Introduction, To the Teacher, To the Student Gives you suggestions, study strategies, and ways to use textbook features AppendixSection in back of the book that contains supplementary materials Answer keys, additional exercises, practices test, graphs, charts, or maps GlossaryMinidictionary in back of books with definitions of course related terminology IndexAlphabetical listing of significant topics in book Used to quickly located pages on specific topics

8 | 8 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Using a Reading System

8 | 9 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Focus Question Step Involves turning the chapter title, each heading and each subheading into questions. Write in textbook, in notebook, or on index cards –Creates a purpose for reading Use a variety of questions Modify or delete words in headings/subheadings –Title: How should I Selecting a Reading System? –Heading: What are the First Steps of the Reading Process? –Subheading: How do Developing a Positive Attitude and Behaviors affect reading?

8 | 10 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Read Step Involves reading carefully and thoroughly –Decide if overview reading of chapter is beneficial –Begin thorough reading –Take time and use effective reading strategies

8 | 11 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Thorough Reading

8 | 12 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Record Step Involves taking notes to capture important information encountered in textbooks –Highlight textbook –Annotate: highlight and make marginal notes –Make Cornell notes –Make 2 or 3 column notes –Make outline –Make index cards –Make visual mappings, hierarchies, or charts

8 | 13 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Recite Step Involves restating and explaining textbook information out loud and in your own words and without looking at the printed materials Read-Record-Recite Cycle –Involves reading a short section, taking notes, and then reciting without looking at the printed materials

8 | 14 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Reflect Step Involves comprehending, elaborating, and using critical thinking skills to think seriously and deeply about the information you read. –Look for relationships –Integrate new and old information –Rearrange information in new meaningful ways –Think critically about the topics –Use critical thinking questions to think more deeply –Compare different sources of information –Formulate questions to pose in class

8 | 15 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Review Step Involves using immediate and ongoing review to practice rehearsing and recalling information from long-term memory. –Answer chapter review questions at the end of the chapter –Answer questions you created in focus question step –Study notes you created in record step –Write a summary –Create additional tools such as flashcards –Create a chapter outline.

8 | 16 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. SQ4R

8 | 17 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. The Outline Reading System Involves creating outline notes during the reading process and using the outline notes to review

8 | 18 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

8 | 19 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Reviewing The Review Step SQ4R - Explain how to use the following to review:  Chapter Review Questions  Focus Questions  Reciting from notes  Summaries  Study Tools  Rework problems Outline Reading Notes - Explain how to do the following: Read and recite line by line Check your accuracy Branch off the outline with clue words Summaries

8 | 20 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. A Customized Reading System Steps to Create a Customized Reading System Steps Do what? Why? 1. Authors’ Suggestions 2. Chapter Goals & Objectives 3.Chapter Features 4. Examples 5. Practice 6. Review

8 | 21 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Online E-Books