Virus, monera, protist lab-10

Viruses not living organisms: 0.05 – 0.2 micrometers

Structure two parts: – capsid: outer protein covering – nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core

Protein coat left outside host

Viruses and Diseases 1.Common cold – attack respiratory tract 2.Measles – skin 3.Rabies – nerve cells 4.Herpes virus – mouth and lips, sexual transmission 5.AIDS – white blood cells 6.Ebola – a hemorrhagic fever 7.Biological Weapons These diseases are difficult to fight!!!!Antibiotics - No effect! – Quick replication – High mutation rate

Prokaryotes most abundant single cells Types: 1. Bacteria 2. Archaea

structure Typical Bacteria Cell: – Plasma membrane – Cell wall – Capsule – Cytosol – Ribosomes – Genetic material – Flagellum/ pili

Classification: shapes: – Coccus: spherical – Bacillus: rod – Spirillum: spiral staining: Gram+ or -

Can live in most conditions causes pneumonia (nose cells)

Bacterial Diseases in Humans: Streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes: – Impetigo in infants: mild skin disease – Rheumatic fever: from endotoxins – Necrotizing fasciitis: “flesh-eating” bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae: important agent in bacterial pneumonia Streptococcus mutans: contributes to dental caries

Tuberculosis – Highest mortality worldwide-disease – 1/3 world’s pop infec – Mycobacterium tuberculosis – Active lesions in lung cause tubercles from immune response Become calcified

E. COLI H7 outbreaks in US, per year: – 73,000 infections/61 deaths infections from: uncooked ground beef (cattle carry the pathogen in their intestines without getting sick) Symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting Prevention: good food hygiene

Salmonella outbreaks: 40,000 cases/600 people die infected by: contaminated ground beef, pork, eggs, poultry products Symptoms: bloody diarrhea Prevention: good hygiene, not to eat raw eggs (even cookie dough), meat well cooked

Campylobacter Outbreaks: – 1 million/100 people die infections from: – raw poultry meat, 80% chickens in US carriers Symptoms: diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting

Archaea live extreme environments – Halophiles: in salty water (Great Salt Lake, the Dead Sea) – Thermoacidophiles: in hot springs, geysers – Methanogens: in anaerobic environments like swamps, marshes, and intestinal tracts of animals (like you)

Protista Complex cells are not fungi, plants, or animals

Classification: – movement accomplished by diverse mechanisms: Cilia Flagella Pseudopods gliding mechanisms – employ almost every form of nutritional acquisition Types: single cell: paramecium, amoeba aggregation, transient collection of cells: slime molds multicellular: brown, green, and red algae

LM 185  Amoeboids: – Heterotroph – Move and feed by means of pseudopodia

Ciliates: Heterotroph Cilliates: Use cilia to move and feed

Mycota group: water mold/ slime mold: heterotroph multinucleate Slug-like aggregate 45  LM 1,000  15  Amoeboid cells Reproductive structure

Photosynthetic: algae Unicelluar – Euglena – Dinoflagellates – diatoms

– multicellular: classified based on the pigments Green algae: Volvox Brown Algae: seaweeds, kelps, Sargasso Sea, food or gelatinous product used in foods Red Algae: agar

Zooflagellates: parasitic Trypanosoma brucei- – Causes African sleeping sickness – Tsetse fly is vector – Lives in bloodstream of host Giardia lamblia- – Causes giardiasis: Severe diarrhea – Plasmodium : » causes malaria » Vector: mosquito Anopheles