Goal: To understand the history of space travel Objectives: 1)The idea 2)The first space probes 3)The first manned missions 4)The Apollo missions 5)The current state of affairs

With a neighbor When did space travel really begin?

Before the future can become a reality it must first be imagined.

In literature The idea surfaces in Jules Verne books such as: From the Earth to the Moon Around the Moon

From the Earth to the Moon 1865 Shot out of a cannon Could work, in theory However, would kill anything living

Around the Moon 1870 Sequel to From the Earth to the Moon Brings up the idea of rockets which shoot out one way so you go the other (or in this case the rockets would be used to land the craft safely on the moon)

H.G. Wells 1901 The First Men in the Moon

Rockets The first known rocket test comes in 1926 Robert Goddard Only went 41 feet up

World War II German scientists (Wernher Von Braun) develop sophisticated rockets capable of traveling long distance V2 rockets Liquid propelled Liquid has high density – need less volume and mass of fuel

V2 rockets Went into space!!! More than a decade before Sputnik Used ethanol/water with liquid oxygen Test fired 1943, used in war 1944

Interesting problem During the testing stage many of the V2s were destroyed reentering the Earth’s atmosphere.

V2s Took 30 tons of potatoes each to launch Total cost was almost double the Manhattan Project And the defense, British officials would lie to the Germans about where the missiles hit causing them to fire most of them into the countryside

After World War II The US and Russia competed over the German Rocket scientists. The next phase of the space race was on.

Russia wins the next leg 10/4/1957 Sputnik 1 First human made object to orbit Earth Transmitted for 22 days Was in orbit for 3 months

Point 2 goes to Russia Sputnik 2 goes up 1 month after Sputnik 1. First animal into space (a dog named Laika) Died in a few hours due to overheating and stress First to detect radiation belt zone

US gets into the frey, sort of Vanguard TV3 Our first attempt, 12/6/1957 (2 months after Sputnik 1) FAILED! Went up 1.2 m then stalled, fell back, and went boom. And it was televised.

Explorer 1 1/31/1958 The US finally matches Russia Took data for 4 months about the Radiation Belt Stayed in orbit for 12 years.

Vanguard 1 (3/17/1958) First solar powered Longest orbited as it is still up today (we are not sure where though as we lost contact with it in 1964)

Human Flight 4/12/1961 Yuri Gagarin (Russia) Vostok 1 spacecraft did 1 orbit

USA, long ways away 2/20/1962 (10 months later) for first orbit Took a long time due to extensive tests First into space Alan Shepard 5/5/1961 (Freedom 7)

Valentina Tereshkova First woman in space (Russian) Vostok 6 6/16/1963

Space is far more than to the moon Next starts the space probes to other planets. Venus: Russia Venera probes (2 tons) Venera 3 crashes onto Venus 3/1/1966 (first to touch another planet) Venera 4 crushed in atmosphere 10/18/1967 Venera 7 landed successfully 12/15/1970 lasted about an hour

Mariner Mariner 2 First successful fly by of planet 12/14/1962 Allowed us to learn a lot about the atmosphere of Venus Mariner 4 Flyby of Mars 7/14/1965

Apollo nhttp:// n JFK 5/25/1961

Command Module + Lunar Module

Apollo 8 First orbit of the moon Launched 12/21/1968 Took 3 days to get to the moon 20 hours orbiting the moon, televised First to see dark side of the moon Frank Borman, James Lovell, William Anders

Apollo 11 7/20/1969 humans walk on the moon Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin (Jr.), Michael Collins

More up to 1972 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 (13 did not land) Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 Rest cut due to budget concerns ($25.4 billion spent in all). We have not been back. To this day only 12 have walked on the moon

If time left, moon landing videos apollo-11-film-restored.htmlhttp://news.discovery.com/videos/news- apollo-11-film-restored.html 009/jul/14/apollo-11-eagle-moon-landinghttp:// 009/jul/14/apollo-11-eagle-moon-landing

Conclusion There is a lot more to humans reaching for the stars than just the Apollo 11 landing. It starts with imagination and ends after a lot of time and hard work. This will be the case of the spacecrafts of tomorrow.