Kingdoms & Crusades Mr. Kelly C.S

European Kingdoms England Weak Rulers (until) –William the Conqueror Norman ruler –Took over England after victory in Battle of Hastings  –Brought European customs to England (Normans ruled) Henry II –Courts = Increased Power. Common Law – same across country.

European Kingdoms England (ctd) King John –Raised Taxes –Unfair to people 1215 – Meet Nobles  Sign Magna Carta –This limits the King’s power People have certain rights Later led to Parliament

European Kingdoms France Philip IV  –Set up Parliament-like Estates-General Russia Tended to side with Eastern Orthodox Attacked by Mongols

The Crusades

Crusades In Middle Ages, Byzantine Empire is attacked by Turks –Emperor asks Pope for Help  Urban II calls for a Crusade We will look at what Urban II said - Turn to page 352 –How does Urban try to persuade people? What words does he use? First Crusade = success(?) –Slaughtered everyone in Jerusalem

Crusades Muslims driven out, but recaptured some lands –mistake on Crusaders part Sent Second Crusade –Total Failure Saladin  –Muslim leader = unites Muslims, recaptures Jerusalem Third Crusade –Response to capture of Jerusalem.

The 3 rd Crusade –Richard I of England, Philip II of France Fredrick I of H.R.E. Many problems –Fred Drowns –Phil goes home –Rick agrees to truce w/ Saladin »Christian Pilgrims able to travel to Jerusalem Several crusades after this - none succeeded. –Muslims gain back all territory