Europe and Russia 5 Themes of Geography Movement:  Export chocolate, textiles, grains, grapes  Christianity  Democracy  Culture through war and trade  People of Berlin when wall was torn down  Germans moved the Jews to concentration camps during WWII  Industrial Revolution  European Union (people can cross borders without passport)  Soviet blockaded all land and water traffic into the western part of Berlin  Holocaust  Greek and Roman empires  London’s subway system  Venice’s canal system and gondolas  During the renaissance many ideas were being spread  Colonization of America Region:  Europe is both a continent and region  Europe is made up of 33 smaller regions  France and the Benelux countries  Germany and the Alpine countries  Scandinavia  British Isles  Iberian Peninsula  Mild climates  Northwestern Europe enjoys mild temperatures all year  Warm waters and warm winds on the shores Location:  London: 52 N, 0  Italy: 40 N, 15 E  Black Sea is East of Europe  Mediterranean Sea is south of Europe  Northeastern Hemisphere  East of U.S. and Atlantic Ocean  North of Africa  ¼ of Russia is located in Europe  West of Asia  South of the Arctic Ocean Human/Environment Interaction:  Farming, herding cattle, sheep, goats  Fishing  73% people live in urban areas (cities)  Pollution- started during the Industrial Revolution; growing issue with growing cities  During both World Wars villages and surrounding landscapes were destroyed  Rich soil  Harvest grains and vegetables  Hunting  Large amounts of oil and natural gas  Rhine River carries 25 million tons of waste  Minerals in the soil  People in Iceland get geothermal energy from geysers  Switzerland has natural boundaries to help it maintain neutrality  57% of the trees in forests in the Czech Republic have been damaged by acid rain

5 Themes of Geography ~ Europe and Russia Place:  European Union: single economy insures free trade, as well as democracy and human rights  EU uses the Euro for a common currency  Birthplace of modern history  Many different languages  Population of 727,700,000  Berlin Wall was built to separate governments and beliefs  Main religion is Christianity  Many different cultures make up Europe  Most Urban areas- Moscow and Paris  Mostly developed countries  Switzerland maintains neutrality  World’s smallest country- Vatican City- Country within a country  Russia is the World’s largest country  Cathedrals and Mosques, Parthenon, Coliseum, Leaning Tower of Pisa, Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triumphe  Bordered by the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans  Long jagged coastline  Tundra- like forests  A large peninsula with several other small peninsulas  Tiber, Rhine, Danube, Seine Rivers  Rugged landscape  Mountainous- Pyrenees, Carpathian, Alps, Caucasus  Ural Mountains thru Russia- divide Europe and Asia  Scandinavian, Iberian, Balkan peninsulas  Largest lake- the Caspian Sea  In Siberia, temps get as low as -90 F; snow and ice cover half of the year  Verkhoyansk, Russia is the world’s coldest continuously inhabited settlement