English Business 2 Lecture 1 Dea Adlina

SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT & MODIFIER Review

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier Subject: a person or a noun or an adjective that is being discussed, described, or dealt with. Verb: a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence. Complement: a word, phrase or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression Modifier: an optional element in phrase or clause structure used to modify (change the meaning of) another element in the structure, on which it is dependent.

Subject Noun (phrase) or pronounThe tiny cat jumped outside our house. A gerund (phrase)Her excessive bragging was annoying. A to-infinitive (phrase)To sing is easier than to act. A full that-clause That he had won the war was known to everyone. A free relative clause Wherever he went was always a disaster. A direct quotationI love you is often heard these days. Zero (but implied) subjectOpen the door! An expletive itIt is raining. A cataphor it It was known by everyone that he had won the war.

Examples 1.Tress grow Subject Verb 2.She opened her book Subject Verb Complement 3.Henry and Marcia have visited the president Subject Verb Phrase Complement 4.George is cooking dinner tonight Subject Verb Phrase Complement Modifier of Time 5.She opened a checking account at the bank last week Subject Verb Complement Modifier of Place Modifier of Time

TWO WORD VERBS Review Verb Phrases

Two word verbs Phrasal verbs A verb and a preposition wivh together have a special meaning. – It is especially common in informal English Separable phrasal verbs  I handed in my paper yesterday.  I handed it in yesterday. Nonseparable phrasal verbs  I ran into an old friend yesterday.

Two word verbs Phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs 1.Put off 2.Drop by 3.Look up 4.Turn down 5.Take over 6.Hang up Meaning 1.Postpone 2.Visit informally 3.Look for information 4.Decrease volume or intensity OR Reject OR Refuse 5.Take control 6.Conclude a telephone conversation and many more

PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE Review Tenses

Present

Subject + V1 Subject + Auxiliary Verb + V-ing

Present Subject + have + V3 (Past Participle Form) Subject + have been + V-ing

Past

Subject + V2 Subject + was/were + V-ing

Past Subject + had + V3 (Past Participle Form) Subject + had been + V-ing

Future

Subject + will / be going to + V1 Subject + will / (aux) going to + be + V-ing

Future Subject + will have + V3 Subject + will have been + V-ing

Will or be going to? Prior plan A: Why did you buy this paint? B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow. I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He’s going to buy a car. That’s what he told me. Willingness A: The phone’s ringing. B: I’ll get it A: I don’t understand this problem. B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you. Prediction According to the weather report, it will be / is going to be cloudy tomorrow. Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself! Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!

End of Lecture 1 See you next week