YEAR 7 GEOGRAPHY REVISION

Geography is the study of Earth’s landscapes, peoples, places and environments. It is, quite simply, about the world in which we live. Human geography is the study of the many cultural features found throughout the world.It looks at how they relate to the spaces and places where they originate and how they can travel as people continually move across various areas. Physical geography is the study of the natural features of the earth's surface, this includes land formation, climate, currents, and distribution of natural world (wildlife and vegetation) Environmental geography – is the study of how people harm (dropping litter for example) or protect the World (making a nature reserve like Martin Mere). Geography is all around us - on the television and the internet, in the news, in books, and even when we decide what we have in our shopping baskets for our dinner, and the clothes that we wear! We saw examples of this, and discovered that if we start to describe what we see for example in photos, we can explain through Geography what is going on in the world. Often there are links between the 3 parts. Where people shop could depend on how much money they have. If someone lives in a hot country, it may be too dry to grow enough food. When there are a lot of crimes in an area, people may want to move away.

Map Skills Scale A scale is the relationship between distances on a map and distances in real life. A drawing that is made according to scale will be an exact copy of the real object, but will be smaller or larger than the real object. Latitude Imaginary lines going around the Earth from east to west. Longitude Imaginary lines going from the North pole to the South pole. Distance As the crow flies - This is the easiest way to measure a distance between two places. You can use paper and then mark as you go along and then use the scale to work out the distance.

Grid References Four-figure grid references are used to identify and locate particular squares on a map. To create four-figure grid references you use the grid lines on a map. The vertical lines on the grid are called EASTINGS and they increase in value as you move EASTwards. The horizontal lines on the grid are called NORTHINGS and they increase in value as you move NORTHwards. Six-figure grid references are used to locate objects or places within a grid square and so are much more accurate than four-figure grid references. How do we show height on a map? Contour lines are lines drawn on a map connecting points of equal height (elevation). If you walk along a contour line you neither gain or lose height. They are used so that we know what the topography (the changes in height) of an area is like The closer together the lines the steeper it is. 55

Geology Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. An important part of geology is the study of how Earth’s materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. Geologists work to understand the history of our planet; this helps us predict what might happen in the future. They study earth processes, like landslides, earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. Geologists also study earth materials, things that come from planet Earth that we use every day. And finally, they also study earth history, by looking at fossils and rocks to see how things have changed. The Rock Cycle The Earth's rocks do not stay the same forever. They are continually changing because of processes such as weathering and large earth movements. The rocks are gradually recycled over millions of years. This is called the rock cycle. There are three different kinds of rock: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.

Two processes cause change in the shape and appearance of rocks, they are called: Weathering and Erosion Weathering and erosion work together but are different. Weathering breaks up and weakens the surface of rocks. Erosion wears away and removes the loosened material.