Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 1 10/2/2016 Introduction to Electronics

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 2 10/2/2016 SIGNALS

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 3 10/2/2016 Signals Signal → {Transducer} → Electrical Signal → {Processing (Electronic)} → Information. NortonThevenin

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 4 10/2/2016 Time Varying Signal Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 5 10/2/2016 FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF SIGNALS

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 6 10/2/2016 f = 1/T Hz ω = 2πf rad/s Periodic Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 7 10/2/2016 Linear System: 1.f(αx)= αf(x) 2.f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y) sin(wt) → { Linear System } → α sin(wt+θ) Fourier series or Fourier transform. Frequency Spectrum of Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 8 10/2/2016 A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V Frequency Spectrum of Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 9 10/2/2016 Frequency Spectrum of the Periodic Square Wave Frequency Spectrum of Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 10 10/2/2016 The Frequency Spectrum of a Non-Periodic Waveform Frequency Spectrum of Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 11 10/2/2016 ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 12 10/2/2016 Analog and Digital Signals Analog Signal →{Sampling}→ Discrete Time Signal.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 13 10/2/2016 Discrete Time Signal →{Quantization}→Digital Signal. Digital Signal →{Electronics}→ Binary (e.g. 0 V & + 5V) Analog and Digital Signals

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 14 10/2/2016 A/D (ADC) & D/A (DAC) Many processing systems contain both analog and digital circuits

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 15 10/2/2016 AMPLIFIERS

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 16 10/2/2016 Amplifiers The Simplest Processor Signal Amplification Linearity: v o (t) = A v i (t) A: Const Preamplifier (V) & Power amplifier (I)

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 17 10/2/2016 Amplifier Circuit Symbols

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 18 10/2/2016 The Gain

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 19 10/2/2016 Amplifier GainGain in Decibels Voltage Gain (A v )20 log | A v | Current Gain (A i )20 log | A i | Power Gain(A p )A v A i 10 log | A p | The Gain

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 20 10/2/2016 The Amplifier Power Supplies → (P O - P I )

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 21 10/2/2016 Figure 1.12 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation. The Amplifier Power Supplies P dc = V 1 I 1 + V 2 I 2 P dc + P I = P L + P dissipated

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 22 10/2/2016 Figure 1.12 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as batteries) for operation. The Amplifier Power Supplies ή

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 23 10/2/2016 Saturation | L – | = | L + | = | V SS | - (1 V or 2 V)

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 24 10/2/2016 Saturation

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 25 10/2/2016 Nonlinear Transfer Characteristics and Biasing Non-Linearity

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 26 10/2/2016 Nonlinear Transfer Characteristics and Biasing Q = Quiescent Point = DC Biasing Point = Operating Point

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 27 10/2/2016 Nonlinear Transfer Characteristics and Biasing

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 28 10/2/2016 Symbol convention

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 29 10/2/2016 CIRCUIT MODELS FOR AMPLIFIERS

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 30 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 31 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 32 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 33 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 34 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 35 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 36 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 37 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 38 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 39 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 40 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 41 10/2/2016 Voltage Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 42 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 43 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 44 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Compute the voltage gain, the current gain, and the power gain Example 1.3

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 45 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers The voltage gain. Example 1.3

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 46 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The voltage gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 47 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The voltage gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 48 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The voltage gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 49 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The current gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 50 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The current gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 51 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The current gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 52 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The power gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 53 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The power gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 54 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The power gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 55 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The power gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 56 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The power gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 57 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Example 1.3 The power gain.

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 58 10/2/2016 Cascaded Amplifiers Compute the voltage gain, the current gain, and the power gain Example 1.3

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 59 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 60 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 61 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 62 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 63 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 64 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 65 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 66 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 67 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 68 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 69 10/2/2016 Other Amplifier Types

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 70 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 71 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 72 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 73 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 74 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 75 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 76 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 77 10/2/2016 Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 78 10/2/2016 Figure 1.19 (a) Small-signal circuit model for a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). (b) The BJT connected as an amplifier with the emitter as a common terminal between input and output (called a common-emitter amplifier). (c) An alternative small-signal circuit model for the BJT. Example 1.4

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 79 10/2/2016

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 80 10/2/2016 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 81 10/2/2016 Measuring The Amplifier Frequency Response T(ω) ≡ Amplifier Transfer Function

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 82 10/2/2016 Amplifier Bandwidth

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 83 10/2/2016 Evaluating the Frequency Response of Amplifiers S = ( σ + j ω ) ≡ Laplace Operator = ( j ω ) at Steady State

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 84 10/2/2016 Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 85 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 86 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks ?

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 87 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 88 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 89 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 90 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 91 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 92 10/2/2016 LP: Single Time Constant Networks ?

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 93 10/2/2016 HP: Single Time Constant Networks ?

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 94 10/2/2016 HP: Single Time Constant Networks

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 95 10/2/2016

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 96 10/2/2016 Bode Plot Magnitude Response Phase Response

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 97 10/2/2016 Bode Plot: Magnitude Response Corner Frequency

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 98 10/2/2016 Bode Plot: Phase Response

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics 99 10/2/2016 Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/ dB, Cut off, Critical, Corner Frequency Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/ dB, Cut off, Critical, Corner Frequency Magnitude Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Phase Response Plot for STC LPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Phase Response Plot for STC LPF 0 ∞

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Bode Plot for STC HPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Bode Plot for STC HPF

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Example 1.5 Calculate A V (ω=0), ω 0 (3-dB), & ω(A V = 0-dB)

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Example 1.5

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Example 1.5

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Example 1.5

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Example 1.5

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Example 1.5

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Classification of Amplifiers Based on Frequency Response

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Capacitive Coupling vs. Direct Coupling (dc) Amplifiers

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 THE DIGITAL LOGIC INVERTER

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Function of the Inverter

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics V OL : Output Low Level

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics V OH : Output High Level

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics V IL : Max Input Low Level

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics V IH : Min Input High Level

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics NM L : Noise Margin for Low Input

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Voltage Transfer Characteristics NM H : Noise Margin for High Input

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Noise Margins

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 The Ideal Voltage Transfer Characteristics

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Inverter Implementation

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Pull-Up (PU) & Pull-Down(PD) Switches

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Another Inverter Implementation

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Power Dissipation Static (On) = (Off) = 0; Dynamic

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Propagation Delay

Copyright  Muhammad A M Islam. SBE202A Introduction to Electronics /2/2016 Propagation Delay