Endocrine Physiology Mohammad Qussay Al-Sabbagh 2 nd year medical student- University of Jordan June,2016.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Endocrine System Presented By: Jess C. Alex B. Aleeya W.
Advertisements

Hormonal Responses to Exercise Chapter 5. Neuroendocrinology Endocrine Glands –Release messengers: hormones Hormones –Circulate in blood –Affect tissue.
Endocrine control of osmolarity Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Hormonal control and responses
Adrenal gland. Anatomy Components Two compartments –Adrenal Cortex (outer layer) Three layers –Zona glomerulosa (15 %) –Zona fasciculata (75 %) –Zona.
Assist prof. of Medical Physiology. Is an ovoid structure weighing 500 to 600 mg in an adult (0.5 gm). Is located at the base of the brain in a small.
9.3 Hormonal Regulation of Stress Response and Blood Sugar
Hormones that Affect Blood Sugar.  2 parts of the endocrine system affect blood sugar levels – cells in the pancreas and the adrenal glands  The pancreas.
Endocrine System. What it is…. The endocrine system consists of a group of organs (sometimes referred to as glands of internal secretion) whose main function.
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland 2 Dr. Khalid Alregaiey.
The Pituitary Gland Posterior pituitary The hypothalamus significantly influences the pituitary gland The hypothalamus makes and releases the hormones.
Chapter 10 Endocrine System
Illinois State University Hormonal Regulation of Exercise Chapter 21 and 22.
Endocrine System Week 8 Dr. Walid Daoud A. Professor.
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Prepared by: Sharina Hadji Manan Johara T. Udtog.
Adrenocortical Hormones Dr. Meg-angela Christi Amores.
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland 2
8.1 Importance of the Endocrine System
Endocrine Adrenal gland And Pancreas. Adrenal gland Structure Cortex ◦ Glucocorticoids  Chemical nature  Effects  Control of secretion ◦ Mineralocorticoids.
Homeostasis of blood sugar, breathing and blood pressure
At the end of this lecture, the student should be able to: Enumerate the adrenocortical and adrenomedullary hormones Describe the chemical nature, source.
Regulating blood glucose levels
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland 2 Dr. Khalid Al-Regaiey.
Glucocorticoids Synthesis and release Adrenal steroids are synthesised and released as needed under the influence of ACTH, which is secreted from the anterior.
HP(A)-axis and metabolic control BIM23 VT2016
Hormonal Control During Exercise. Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones Several endocrine glands in body; each may produce more than one hormone Hormones.
Chapter 32. Signaling Molecules: 1) Neurotransmitters 2) Local signaling Molecules a)Secreted into extracellular fluid b)Short lived c)Very local effects.
Lecture 1 Dr. Zahoor Ali Shaikh 1.  There are two Adrenal glands, one above each kidney.  Adrenal gland has outer cortex and inner medulla. - Outer.
1 Stress and Disease Chapter 10. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 2 Stress  A person experiences stress when a demand exceeds a person’s.
Chapter 36. Signaling Molecules: 1) Neurotransmitters 2) Local signaling Molecules a)Secreted into extracellular fluid b)Short lived c)Very local effects.
Synthesis, action and regulation of Adreno-cortical hormones Mahmoud Alfaqih BDS PhD.
Endocrine System Final
13/11/
Chapter 26 Chemical Regulation.
Endocrine System.
Endocrinology Hormone and endocrine system Functions of hormones
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology
Endocrine Physiology The Adrenal Gland : Glucocorticoids
Cortisol (Hydrocortisone)
Biology, 9th ed, Sylvia Mader
Endocrine System By Elaine Bell.
Endocrine Glands Secretion and Action of Hormones.
Endocrine System Notes (35.3)
The Endocrine System: Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 45: Endocrine System
Hormones & The Endocrine Glands
2. non-steroid AKA amino acid hormones.
Stress and Disease Chapter 8.
The Thyroid Gland Lies anterior to thyroid cartilage of larynx
Adrenal Cortex Gland.
The Adrenal Glands and Stress
ADRENOCORTICAL HORMONES
Main Hormones and Their Functions
Chapter 11 Review.
Hormones that affect short term and long term stress…
Unit 8: Endocrine System
Chapter 31 Endocrine Control.
Regulation and Control
8.1 Importance of the Endocrine System
Adrenocorticosteroids
Mali Bowers Physiology Fall ‘17 Hormone Presentation
Dr. Omary Chillo (MD, PhD)
Human Visceral-Fat-Specific Glucocorticoid Tuning of Adipogenesis
Dr .Assist.Prof /ALaa' Mohamed under graduated (4th stage)
The Stress Response & Blood Sugar Regulation
Controlling your Homeostasis
Endocrine System.
Importance of the Endocrine System
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM pp
SBI 4U: Metablic Processes
Presentation transcript:

Endocrine Physiology Mohammad Qussay Al-Sabbagh 2 nd year medical student- University of Jordan June,2016

Endocrine Physiology Adrenal cortex- glucocorticoids

Introduction

Adrenal cortex histology  3 layers according to parenchymal cells arrangement around capillaries  Glucocorticoids are produced from Z. F & Z. R

Glucocorticoids (cortisol)  have gained their name because they exhibit important effects that increase blood glucose concentration.  Are Steroids Derived From Cholesterol.  95% of the glucocorticoid activity of the adrenocortical secretions results from the secretion of cortisol.

 The major glucocorticoid.  adrenal cortex responds to daily stress, delayed responses by secreting glucocorticosteroids, by: - Inc. Carbs content. - Inc. Synthetic activity of the lever. - immunosuppression Cortisol (general description)

Regulation of cortisol secretion

 Cortisol secretion has a Circadian rhythm.  Typical regulation cascade. - CRH  ACTH  cortisol.

Circadian rhythm.

Regulation of cortisol secretion  Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) -hypothalamic releasing hormone. -uses cAMP as a 2 nd messenger. - Stress  The limbic system  hypothalamus  CRF

Regulation of cortisol secretion  ACTH  Corticotropin / adrenocorticotropi n - released by ant. Pituitary. - uses cAMP as a 2 nd messenger. - ACTH is normally necessary for any adrenocortical hormones to be formed

Regulation of cortisol secretion  Physiological Stress Increases ACTH and Adrenocortical Secretion  Cortisol has direct negative feedback effects on -hypothalamus to dec. the formation of CRF - anterior pituitary gland to dec. the formation of ACTH.

Cortisol functions

General functions of cortisol  glucocorticoids are essential for the response to stress. - Affects metabolic activites  inc. Blood glucose levels - Suppress the immune system. - Embryo development Cortisol affects Metabolic effectsimmunosuppression response to stress Embryo development

General functions of cortisol  Metabolic effects - inc. Blood glucose levels, by affecting: 1) carbs. Metabolism 2) Protenis metabolism. 3) Fat metabolism. Cortisol affects Metabolic effectsimmunosuppression response to stress Embryo development

General functions of cortisol  Carbs. metabolism - stimulation of gluconeogenesis. - decrease glucose utilization - Provide belding blocks. Cortisol affects Metabolic effectsimmunosuppression response to stress Embryo development Adrenal diabetes ??

General functions of cortisol  Proteins metabolism - Reduction in cellular proteins. - Increase liver and plasma proreins. - Increase blood amino acids conc.  Fat metabolism - Increase blood FFA conc. Cortisol affects Metabolic effectsimmunosuppression response to stress Embryo development Immunosupression due to proteins catabolism ??

General functions of cortisol Cortisol affects Metabolic effectsimmunosuppression response to stress Embryo development  Immunosuppression. - induce the synthesis of an inhibitor of phospholipase A2. - Inhibits leukocyte recruitment. - Dec. Cappillaries permb. - Inhibits lymphocytes prolifiration. - Reduce fever. - Resolution of inflammation

Abnormalities in cortisol Levels

Thank you Mohammad qussay Al-Sabbagh