N OTES ON A CIDS AND B ASES.

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An introduction to the properties of acids, bases, and the pH scale.

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Presentation transcript:

N OTES ON A CIDS AND B ASES

P ROPERTIES OF A CIDS : Taste sour Contains H+, (the more H+, the stronger the acid) Very reactive

U SES OF A CIDS : Metal cleaners Batteries Digest food- found in our stomachs Foods Paints Plastics

E XAMPLES OF A CIDS : Hydrochloric acid (HCl)- in stomach Citric acid (in citrus fruits like lemons) Acetic acid (vinegar)

P ROPERTIES OF B ASES : Taste bitter Contains OH- (the more OH-, the stronger the base) Slippery when wet

U SES OF B ASES : Cleansers Drain cleaners Soap Shampoo Laundry detergent

E XAMPLES OF B ASES : Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Ammonia Lime water Ca(OH)2

P H S CALE Ranges from 0-14 Numbers 0-6 represent acids 7 is neutral Numbers 8-14 represent bases strongest acid strongest base

P H S CALE As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the concentration of H+ DECREASES (10 times each number) As you move from pH 0 to pH 14, the concentration of OH- INCREASES (10 times each number) Ex: A substance with pH3 is 100 times stronger acid than a substance with pH 5. A substance with pH 8 is 100 times weaker base than a substance with pH 10.