© INTECHNICA Renewable Energy Supported by: The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

© INTECHNICA What European Union has done to promote Gigawatt scale clean energy: EU renewable energy targets have been in place since 1997 In March 2007, EU leaders reached a binding agreement that 20% of the 27 member countries’ energy should be produced from renewable sources by 2020 Individual countries have large incentives for RE* development, including renewable portfolio standards, feed in tariffs, capital subsidies, and other fiscal incentives A 2004 Spanish Royal Decree established a feedin tariff for PV** electricity ( 100 kWp *Renewable Energy **Photovoltaic ***Kilowatt peak Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Sun energy production Example: Germany energy input in one year: 1,000 kWh/m² 1000 kWh  100 l Oil surface of Germany: km 2 Oil energy equivalent -> l Oil Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Construction Of Flat-Plate pipe with heat transfer medium insulation collector housing transparent cover absorber collector pipe for rejection of heat Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Technological Aspects Dimensioning - Photovoltaic if possible south – up to 50° deviation to east or west is unproblematic Orientation Collector gradient 10 ° to 60° is optimal, but 90° (front) is possible too. Module expanse Specific annual return 1 kW peak equals 10 m² roughly kWh per kW peak Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Renewable Energies DHW = Domestic hot water

© INTECHNICA Wood Fuels Pellets – standardized quality – highly concentrated energy – costs are a little higher Wood chips –usually available in neighborhood – inexpensive – more room needed for storage – variable quality Pellets Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Market Trend Renewable Energies Energy cost in Germany Heating oil Natural gas Pellets

© INTECHNICA Current Generated By Wood Pellets Renewable Energies Wood Pellets Stirling machine

© INTECHNICA Substrate application in agricultural bio gas plants ( ) Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Dry-fermentation plants with garage fermenters Renewable Energies

© INTECHNICA Compensation for electricity in Germany (EEG) Renewable Energies CHP = Combined heat and power = Cogeneration

© INTECHNICA Scheme of a geothermal heating plant Renewable Energies 3000 m

© INTECHNICA Borehole Heat Exchanger Renewable Energies Heating performance W / m Cooling entry heat W / m depth up to 100 m Investment: about 60 € per drill-meter (installed to basis)

© INTECHNICA Ground Heat Collector Renewable Energies Heating performance W / m Cooling Not usable depth up to 1,2-1,4 m Investment: about 350 € per kW-Heat or 10 – 13 € per m²