Muhammad, the Prophet and founder of Islam was born in the full light of history. He is an historical figure.

Muhammad’s birth & early years 570 – 595 Common era (CE) Muhammad’s birth & early years 570 – 595 Common era (CE)

Birth of Muhammad ca 570 CE Birth of Muhammad ca 570 CE

Muhmmad was born in about 570 CE. At that time Justinian II (r ), was the Byzantine Emperor Rome had fallen 476 CE and Europe was in the “Dark Ages” Muhmmad was born in about 570 CE. At that time Justinian II (r ), was the Byzantine Emperor Rome had fallen 476 CE and Europe was in the “Dark Ages”

ACCORDING to tradition Muhammad is alleged to have said that he was born during the reign of a “just king”, meaning Chosroes I (Khusra Anushirvan), the Sasanid (Persian) monarch who reigned from CE. Chosroes I

Born during the ‘year of the elephant’ A failed assault on Mecca by an army using elephants. -Muhammad & the Course of Islam, Balyuzi, p. 11

MUHAMMAD GENEALOGY OF MUHAMMAD QURAYSH ‘Abd-i-Manaf Hashim ‘Abdu’l-sh Shams ‘Abdu’l-Muttalib Umayyah Umayyad Caliphs ‘Abdu’llah Abu-Talib ‘Abbas ‘Ali ‘Abdu’llah Abu-Talib QURAYSH HASHIM CLAN HASHIM CLAN UMAYYAD CLAN UMAYYAD CLAN

THE QURAYSH WERE THE KEEPERS OF THE KAABA (KA - BEH) THE QURAYSH WERE THE KEEPERS OF THE KAABA (KA - BEH)

THE KAABA 15m high 12m long 10.5m wide THE KAABA 15m high 12m long 10.5m wide “… Abraham, with Ismael, raised the foundations of the House “  Qur’an 2:121

BLACK STONE SET IN CORNER OF THE KAABA

MUHAMMAD MUHAMMAD, THE ORPHAN ‘Abdu’llah Aminah ‘Ali Abu-Talib ‘Abdu’llah ‘Abdu’llah died shortly before Muhammad’s birth. Aminah died when Muhammad was six. Aminah Abu-Talib Then Muhammad was sent to live with his uncle, Abu-Talib. Abu-Talib had a son named ‘Ali. ‘Ali was Muhammad’s cousin. Now he became also, his foster brother. Muhammad was sent to live with his grandfather, ‘Abdu’l-Muttalib. ‘Abdu’l- Muttalib died two years later, MUHAMMAD

At the age of 35, he helped in the rebuilding of Kabbah, and resolved the matter of fitting the Black Stone in the wall of Kabbah

Married Khadijah in 595 CE. She was 40 and wealthy. He was 25 and in her employ. Married Khadijah in 595 CE. She was 40 and wealthy. He was 25 and in her employ.

Muhammad receiving Revelation on Mt Hira 610 CE Muhammad receiving Revelation on Mt Hira 610 CE

Angel Gabriel

‘ Recite, in the name of thy Lord, who created man from a clot of blood.’ The Qur’an calls this night the “night of power” (Qadr) 97:1-5

Muhammad hurried home and wrapped Himself in cloak. He told Khadijih what had happened and she became the first to embrace Islam through its Messenger, Muhammad. The 74 th Sura of the Quran is titled ‘the cloaked One’

610 – 613 CE Muhammad remains publicly silent as to the nature of his mission 610 – 613 CE Muhammad remains publicly silent as to the nature of his mission

Muhammad at Mecca

614 CE Muhammad begins to teach the new faith & proclaims Himself the Prophet of God 614 CE Muhammad begins to teach the new faith & proclaims Himself the Prophet of God

615 CE Some of Muhammad’s followers emigrate to Abysinnia. 615 CE Some of Muhammad’s followers emigrate to Abysinnia. ETHIOPIA

CE Boycott imposed on Muhammad & His followers by Meccans CE Boycott imposed on Muhammad & His followers by Meccans

619 CE Khadijah dies. Abu Talib also dies. 619 CE Khadijah dies. Abu Talib also dies.

619 CE Muhammad goes south to Taif to teach but is stoned and driven out 619 CE Muhammad goes south to Taif to teach but is stoned and driven out

620 CE Muhammad experiences the “night journey” (Miraj) 620 CE Muhammad experiences the “night journey” (Miraj)

Muhammad’s Night Journey (Miraj)

Dome of the Rock Jerusalem

Hegira 622 CE July 15 th Muhammad emigrates from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) This event begins the Muslim calendar AH 1 Hegira 622 CE July 15 th Muhammad emigrates from Mecca to Yathrib (Medina) This event begins the Muslim calendar AH 1 MECCA MEDINA

Muhammad & followers construct first Mosque in the world in Medina

623 CE Battle of Badr (see Qur’an 3:123) Muhammad routs a numerically superior Meccan army 623 CE Battle of Badr (see Qur’an 3:123) Muhammad routs a numerically superior Meccan army

Swords of Muhammad Topkapi Museum - Istanbul Swords of Muhammad Topkapi Museum - Istanbul

Husayn later becomes the 3 rd Imam of Shi’ah Islam (Karbila, Iraq) Husayn later becomes the 3 rd Imam of Shi’ah Islam (Karbila, Iraq) 626 CE Husayn born to ‘Ali & Fatimih

627 CE - Battle of the Confederates – 20 day seige of Medina foiled by a trench dug around the city (also called ‘The Battle of the Trench’)

WORLD POWERS BATTLE BETWEEN HERACULIS & CHOSROES II HERACULIS DEFEATS PERSIANS AT NINEVAH 627 CE Sura 30 of the Quran is titled “The Greeks” or “Rum”

ELIF. LAM. MIM. THE GREEKS have been defeated In a land hard by: But after their defeat they shall defeat their foes, In a few years. First and last is the affair with God. And on that day shall the faithful rejoice 30:1-3

CE Treaty of Hudaybiyyah between Muhammad and Meccans CE Treaty of Hudaybiyyah between Muhammad and Meccans

630 CE Muhammad marches on Mecca with 10,000 men Battle of Hunayn 31 January 630 CE Muhammad marches on Mecca with 10,000 men Battle of Hunayn 31 January

632 CE Death of Prophet’s son Ibrahim Muhammad’s last pilgrimage Farewell Sermon Muhammad dies 632 CE Death of Prophet’s son Ibrahim Muhammad’s last pilgrimage Farewell Sermon Muhammad dies

Mourning for the Passing of Muhammad * SUCCESSION Mourning for the Passing of Muhammad * SUCCESSION

CALIF (‘Kalifa’ = ‘Successor’) Abu Bakr Umar Uthman (Umayyad) ‘Ali

This program was researched, designed and produced by Dr. Duane K. Troxel of

END OF BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD, APOSTLE OF GOD This program was created by Dr. Duane K. Troxel