Restricting Diet is Best for Weight Management

Lets think about the title Restricting Diet is Best for Weight Management

Lets think about the title Restricting Diet is Best for Weight Reduction

Diet?

Diet

Lets think about the title Restricting Diet is Best for Weight Reduction

Framework Does dieting actually help? Can dieters maintain dieting? What happens when dieting? What are the long term benefits/hazards of dieting?

The food balance Diet Basal metabolism Thermogenic effect Exercise

Jane Ogden of King’s College, London writes in Fat Chance: The Myth of Dieting Explained: “For the large majority of women, dieting does not work. Dieting creates more problems than it solves; dieting and overeating become a vicious circle. Dieters never stop dieting, and never stop using the dieting industry.”

The evidence that diets are doomed to failure is extensive. Several studies that have looked at dieting, diet types and weight-loss counselling have concluded that attempts at weight loss are largely unsuccessful, even in highly controlled situations A review of the major commercial weight loss programs concluded that even the comparatively successful programmes were characterised by ‘high costs, high attrition rates, and a high probability of regaining 50 per cent or more of lost weight in one to two years’

A National Institutes of Health conference that reviewed the evidence about dieting concluded: ‘Most studies, and the strongest science, shows weight loss… is actually strongly associated with increased risks of death – by as much as several hundred per cent.’ In the follow-up to the American Cancer Society study, researchers found that healthy obese women were in fact better off not losing weight. Healthy women who lost weight had increased mortality risks from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and all other diseases when compared to healthy women who did not diet. A later study found comparable results for men.

Framework Does dieting actually help? Can dieters maintain dieting? What happens when dieting? What are the long term benefits/hazards of dieting?

Why a dieter usually fails The causal analysis of overeating (Herman and Polivy) The boundary model of overeating (Herman and Polivy) Cognitive shifts (Ogden and Wardle, 1991) Mood modification, role of denial, relapse, role of control

“What the hell” form of relapse (Marlatt and Gordon)

Externalities Obesogenic Environment

Framework Does dieting actually help? Can dieters maintain dieting? What happens when dieting? What are the long term benefits/hazards of dieting?

Some experts suggest that a fortnight of dieting can lead to a 20 percent decline in metabolic rate. This sets up a vicious cycle in which it becomes progressively more difficult to lose each additional pound, as the dieter’s body uses food more efficiently and draws less from its reserve of fat

Losing weight means digesting your own body tissues instead of food and unfortunately, dieting does not tell your body what parts it needs to digest or which parts to save

It also lower the base metabolic rate which means you can live on less food, so when you return to your normal food intake which was already too high, you put on weight even faster than before and will probably end up heavier than before the diet

Framework Does dieting actually help? Can dieters maintain dieting? What happens when dieting? What are the long term benefits/hazards of dieting?

The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial was started back in 1993, at a time when dietary fat was seen as a dietary evil and the low-fat diet was thought to be a straightforward route to preventing heart disease, some cancers, and the epidemic of obesity that was beginning to sweep the country. The results, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, showed no benefits for a low-fat diet. Women assigned to this eating strategy did not appear to gain protection against breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or cardiovascular disease. And after eight years, their weights were generally the same as those of women following their usual diets.

To Sum Up Does dieting actually help? Can dieters maintain dieting? What happens when dieting? What are the long term benefits/hazards of dieting?

Take Home Message Exercise!!Exercise!! Making good dietary choices does really matter, but it is the type of food, not the amount, that is most important Healthy Lifestyle Developing multipronged strategies

Reference 1. Prentice RL, Caan B, Chlebowski RT, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of invasive breast cancer: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: Beresford SA, Johnson KC, Ritenbaugh C, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of colorectal cancer: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: Howard BV, Van Horn L, Hsia J, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: Howard BV, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years: the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: Michels KB, Willett WC. The women's health initiative: will it resolve the issues? Recent Results in Cancer Research. 1996; 140: Prentice RL, Sheppard L. Dietary fat and cancer: consistency of the epidemiologic data, and disease prevention that may follow from a practical reduction in fat consumption. Cancer Causes and Control. 1990; 1:81-97; discussion Prentice RL, Sheppard L. Dietary fat and cancer: rejoinder and discussion of research strategies. Cancer Causes and Control. 1991; 2: Willett WC, Stampfer MJ. Dietary fat and cancer: another view? Cancer Causes and Control. 1990; 1: Multiple risk factor intervention trial. Risk factor changes and mortality results. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. JAMA. 1982; 248: Willett W. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.JAMA cardiovascular diseaseJAMA.JAMARecent Results in Cancer Research. disease preventionCancer Causes and Control.Cancer Causes and Control.Cancer Causes and Control.JAMA.Oxford University Press

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