Active Lecture Questions by Carol R. Anderson Westwood College, River Oaks Campus © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. BIOLOGY Life on Earth WITH PHYSIOLOGY Tenth Edition Audesirk Audesirk Byers 13 Biotechnology

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The term “genetic engineering” encompasses _____. a.deleting genes from an organism b.the deliberate transfer of DNA from one organism to another organism c.the changing of an organism by manipulating its DNA d.all of the above

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. The term “genetic engineering” encompasses _____. a.deleting genes from an organism b.the deliberate transfer of DNA from one organism to another organism c.the changing of an organism by manipulating its DNA d.all of the above

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Biotechnology is used for _____. a.making bread, beer, and wine b.producing crops that are resistant to insects or chemical herbicides c.treating human diseases d.all of the above

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Biotechnology is used for _____. a.making bread, beer, and wine b.producing crops that are resistant to insects or chemical herbicides c.treating human diseases d.all of the above

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How would you know if an organism is transgenic? a.It looks like a mutant form of the organism. b.It has extra chromosomes from its own genome as a result of nondisjunction. c.It has part of another organism’s genome in its genome. d.Part of its genome has been deleted or removed.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How would you know if an organism is transgenic? a.It looks like a mutant form of the organism. b.It has extra chromosomes from its own genome as a result of nondisjunction. c.It has part of another organism’s genome in its genome. d.Part of its genome has been deleted or removed.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. In what process do cells undergo a natural form of genetic engineering? a.Transformation in meiosis b.Transformation in mitosis c.Crossing over in meiosis d.Crossing over in mitosis

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. In what process do cells undergo a natural form of genetic engineering? a.Transformation in meiosis b.Transformation in mitosis c.Crossing over in meiosis d.Crossing over in mitosis

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. A person is admitted to the hospital with a bacterial disease and is treated with the antibiotics penicillin and vancomycin. The treatment fails. What is a possible explanation? a.Viruses, not bacteria, respond to antibiotics. b.The bacteria have gained resistance to these antibiotics. c.The bacteria have gained resistance to these antibiotics through the transfer of chromosomes. d.The person is immune to the bacteria.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. A person is admitted to the hospital with a bacterial disease and is treated with the antibiotics penicillin and vancomycin. The treatment fails. What is a possible explanation? a.Viruses, not bacteria, respond to antibiotics. b.The bacteria have gained resistance to these antibiotics. c.The bacteria have gained resistance to these antibiotics through the transfer of chromosomes. d.The person is immune to the bacteria.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is there concern that the avian (bird) flu will be an epidemic in humans? a.The virus could jump the species barrier. b.People eat a lot of fried chicken and can get the bird flu by eating it. c.Birds and humans are very closely related, so we are susceptible to bird diseases. d.There is no reason for concern—there is no possibility the bird flu can spread.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Why is there concern that the avian (bird) flu will be an epidemic in humans? a.The virus could jump the species barrier. b.People eat a lot of fried chicken and can get the bird flu by eating it. c.Birds and humans are very closely related, so we are susceptible to bird diseases. d.There is no reason for concern—there is no possibility the bird flu can spread.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. An investigator finds semen at a crime scene. The specimen is dried out, and the sample contains only one cell. What technique could make copies of the DNA from this cell? a.Gel electrophoresis b.Plasmid transfer c.PCR d.DNA recombination

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. An investigator finds semen at a crime scene. The specimen is dried out, and the sample contains only one cell. What technique could make copies of the DNA from this cell? a.Gel electrophoresis b.Plasmid transfer c.PCR d.DNA recombination

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Investigators try to make a DNA fingerprint from a sample collected at a crime scene. Why are primers used in this technique? a.Primers prepare the DNA by making it unwind and unzip, separating the double strands. b.Primers cut out the DNA immediately surrounding STRs. c.Primers bind to DNA polymerase to jump-start the reading of the DNA. d.Primers bind exclusively to the DNA immediately surrounding STRs, so DNA polymerase knows where to start copying.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Investigators try to make a DNA fingerprint from a sample collected at a crime scene. Why are primers used in this technique? a.Primers prepare the DNA by making it unwind and unzip, separating the double strands. b.Primers cut out the DNA immediately surrounding STRs. c.Primers bind to DNA polymerase to jump-start the reading of the DNA. d.Primers bind exclusively to the DNA immediately surrounding STRs, so DNA polymerase knows where to start copying.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. In gel electrophoresis, why do DNA segments move through the agarose gel? a.The positively charged DNA backbones are attracted to the negatively charged electrode. b.The negatively charged DNA backbones are attracted to the positively charged electrode. c.The positively charged DNA nucleotides are attracted to the negatively charged electrode. d.The negatively charged DNA nucleotides are attracted to the negatively charged electrode.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. In gel electrophoresis, why do DNA segments move through the agarose gel? a.The positively charged DNA backbones are attracted to the negatively charged electrode. b.The negatively charged DNA backbones are attracted to the positively charged electrode. c.The positively charged DNA nucleotides are attracted to the negatively charged electrode. d.The negatively charged DNA nucleotides are attracted to the negatively charged electrode.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. A person’s DNA fingerprint reveals different numbers of repeats at the alleles of an STR locus. What does this finding mean? a.The person is homozygous dominant for that gene. b.The person is homozygous recessive for that gene. c.The person is heterozygous for repeat number at that STR locus. d.The person is an identical twin.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. A person’s DNA fingerprint reveals different numbers of repeats at the alleles of an STR locus. What does this finding mean? a.The person is homozygous dominant for that gene. b.The person is homozygous recessive for that gene. c.The person is heterozygous for repeat number at that STR locus. d.The person is an identical twin.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. To insert the gene for insect resistance into a corn plant, use _____________ to cut the Bt gene out of the organism Bacillus thuringiensis and __________ to insert the gene into a plasmid. a.DNA ligase; DNA polymerase b.DNA polymerase; DNA ligase c.restriction enzymes; DNA ligase d.DNA polymerase; restriction enzymes

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. To insert the gene for insect resistance into a corn plant, use _____________ to cut the Bt gene out of the organism Bacillus thuringiensis and __________ to insert the gene into a plasmid. a.DNA ligase; DNA polymerase b.DNA polymerase; DNA ligase c.restriction enzymes; DNA ligase d.DNA polymerase; restriction enzymes

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following benefits is NOT associated with GMOs? a.Longer shelf life of fruits and vegetables b.Higher nutrient content in crops c.Reduced amounts of chemicals required to kill weeds d.Smaller crop yields of higher quality from transgenic crops

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which of the following benefits is NOT associated with GMOs? a.Longer shelf life of fruits and vegetables b.Higher nutrient content in crops c.Reduced amounts of chemicals required to kill weeds d.Smaller crop yields of higher quality from transgenic crops

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which potential situation is NOT associated with GMOs? a.Allergic reactions to transgenic foods could occur. b.All transgenic animals are sterile and cannot mate with wild populations. c.Super weeds (herbicide-resistant weeds) could develop, because resistance spreads from transgenic crops to weeds. d.New genetic diseases and health risks could occur.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which potential situation is NOT associated with GMOs? a.Allergic reactions to transgenic foods could occur. b.All transgenic animals are sterile and cannot mate with wild populations. c.Super weeds (herbicide-resistant weeds) could develop, because resistance spreads from transgenic crops to weeds. d.New genetic diseases and health risks could occur.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How do scientists use normally harmful viruses to treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis without causing a viral disease? a.They insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis into the viral DNA but do not otherwise alter the virus. b.They insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, then treat the patient with antibiotics. c.They genetically engineer the virus to make it harmless, then insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis into the virus. d.They genetically engineer the virus to insert the genes for the treatment of both viral disease and cystic fibrosis.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. How do scientists use normally harmful viruses to treat diseases such as cystic fibrosis without causing a viral disease? a.They insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis into the viral DNA but do not otherwise alter the virus. b.They insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, then treat the patient with antibiotics. c.They genetically engineer the virus to make it harmless, then insert the gene for the treatment of cystic fibrosis into the virus. d.They genetically engineer the virus to insert the genes for the treatment of both viral disease and cystic fibrosis.

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 13-2 Which phenomenon may result from the process shown in the figure? a.Transfer of DNA from one host to another b.Transfer of mRNA from host to virus c.Transfer of viral uracil nucleotides to host DNA d.Transfer of uracil nucleotides from one host to another

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Which phenomenon may result from the process shown in the figure? a.Transfer of DNA from one host to another b.Transfer of mRNA from host to virus c.Transfer of viral uracil nucleotides to host DNA d.Transfer of uracil nucleotides from one host to another Figure 13-2