What is matter? “Stuff” Something that has mass and takes up space. What is a place with no matter? A vacuum space (not a perfect vacuum)

What is the most basic building block of matter? The Atom –An atom is the simplest form of an element. –- atoms are the building blocks of matter there are 112 different atoms 90 are naturally occurring

What do you call matter that is only made up of one kind of atom? An element Give some examples of elements: Silver GoldOxygen Carbon

Speaking of Elements Make sure you are learning your elements What are the rules for how the Chemical Symbol for elements should be written? First letter always capitalized Second letter always lower case

–chemical symbols are short hand for the name of the element they consist of 1 or 2 letters (if two 1st capital, 2nd lower case the letters usually come from the elements name –Hydrogen (H) –Helium (He) since H was already used they did the 1st two letters –Carbon (C) –Gold ( Au ) ?????? Latin name is Aurum Others in Latin Iron “Ferrum” (Fe), Silver “argentum” (Ag), Mercury “hydrargyrum” (Hg)

What is a substance then? -has same properties -always made of the same stuff An element is a pure substance! but……..if something is made of the same combinations of elements it is also a pure substance! Salt is always made of the combination of Sodium Na and Chlorine Cl (NaCl) These are Compounds

Matter Is the matter made up of the same ingredients? yes Pure Substance All the same element? yes No Compound Element

What is a Mixture ? Matter that consists of two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined

What are the rules for a mixture 1.Each substance that makes up a mixture has its own specific properties. 2.The substances in a mixture are not chemically combined. 3.The substances in a mixture can be in any amount 4.The substances can be separated by a simple physical way

Are these mixtures ?

How can mixtures by classified ? By how well mixed they are.

Yes No Are the particles of one substance dissolved into another ? Matter Is matter made of All the same Ingredients? Mixture No Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture No Suspension Colloid Will the particles Fall out over Time?

What kind of mixture are these ?

What is a Solution Homogeneous mixture where one substance dissolves into another

What is the difference between a solvent and a solute ? Substance that is dissolved – Solute Substance that does the dissolving - Solvent

In Kool-aide what is the solvent and solute ? Solvent Water Solute Kool – aide mix

What is Solubility ? A substance that dissolves in another substance is Soluble A substance that DOES NOT dissolve into another is Insoluble

Finish the sentence Kool Aide is___________in water Oil is ____________ in water Soluble Insoluble

Lets take a look at Pop You have Carbon Dioxide (bubbly stuff) in water What is the Solvent ? Water What is the Solute Carbon Dioxide What can we say about the solubility of carbon dioxide in Water ? Carbon Dioxide is soluble in water

What is a colloid A homogeneous mixture where the particles are large.

What is saturation ? point at which a solution of a substance can dissolve no more of that substance and additional amounts of it will appear as a precipitatesolutionprecipitate Discuss: Unsaturated solutions Supersaturated solutions

What is the Tyndall effect ? effect of light scattering by colloidal particles or particles in suspensionscatteringcolloidalsuspension If light can NOT be seen – solution If light can be seen colloid

Chapter 2.2 What are Physical Properties? -characteristics that can be measured without changing the material.

Physical Properties Viscosity –does it flow easy? Conductivity –Does it allow the movement of heat/electricity Malleability –Can it be shaped or molded Hardness –Is it easy to scratch?

Physical Properties Melting –Temperature when a substance changes form a solid to liquid boiling points Boiling –Temperature from liquid to gas Example water –Melting point 0 0 C 32 0 F –Boiling point C F

Physical Properties Density –Mass to volume ratio –D=m/V D m V