Ecology Review Chapters 46-50

Population Ecology Ecological Levels Which of these levels considers the interaction of the biotic and the abiotic? Which of the 8 AP themes could we apply this knowledge toward?.... I can think of two that fit nicely. Theme 7: Interdependence in Nature and Theme 3: Energy Transfer

Density and Distribution Which one of these would represent the human population living in North America? Why is it like that?

Population Ecology (r) the rate of natural increase or (births- deaths)/number of individuals in the population Population growth A or B… Which has the higher biotic potential?

Population Ecology Survivorship Curves Which of the three represents a human population in an MDC(more developed country)? What type of organisms fit roughly under the type III curve?

Population Ecology Which of the three represents a human population in an MDC that does not have much immigration? Why doe the first age structure diagram predict an increasing population?

Population Ecology Exponential Growth= rN Population Growth Models Logistic Growth= rN (K-N/K) What type of organisms fit the J shaped growth model? What type of organisms fit the S shaped growth model? Describe this portion of the equation?

Factors that Regulate Population Size Density-Dependent Factors Density-Independent Factors Density -Independent or Density-Dependent … Explain. Which of the 8 AP themes could we apply this knowledge toward? Theme 6: Regulation

Population Ecology r strategists (Opportunistic Pattern) vs. K strategist populations (Equilibrium Pattern) – There is a limited amount of energy so different organisms allocate it for different needs Life History Strategies Which am I and why? Which strategy works best once carrying capacity (K)is reached?

Community Ecology Diversity of a community goes beyond composition because it includes not only a listing of species but also the abundance of each species. Models regarding composition and diversity 1.Individulistic- each population in a community is there because its abiotic requiremejnts are met 2.Interactive- species are dependent on biotic interactions

Island Biogeography Explain the concept and how it applies to the conservation movement

Island Biogeography in the O.C.

Community Ecology Species Interactions Do parasites kill their host quickly… Why or why not?

Community Ecology Niche vs. Habitat… Explain How is the fundamental niche different from the realized niche I am a generalist

Community Ecology Competitive exclusion principal-no two species can indefinitely occupy the same niche at the same time Describe Russian ecologist G.F. Gause’s classic experiment Theme 1: Science as a process

Community Ecology Describe how these organisms dealt with the competitive exclusion principal Character Displacement Resource PartitioningRealized Niche

Community Ecology This is a classic graph constructed from pelts received by the Hudson Bay Trading company If caught, I can not contribute to the gene pool

Predator Prey Relationship Describe accurately… How does “r” factor in?

Community Ecology Which of these are Batesian mimics and which are Mullerian mimics? What are some other prey defenses?... Think, pair, share.

Symbiotic Relationships 1.Parasitism 2.Commensalism… Does it exist? 3.Mutualism Theme 7: Interdependence in Nature

Community Ecology Succession-Change in composition of species over time Two types Primary- Succession on newly formed land, soil needs to be created, starts with lichen, and takes a very long time. Secondary- Where a disturbance damaged the life leaving only soil. Begins with r- strategists (Pioneering Species) which are eventually replaced by K-strategists in a climax community. What is the Intermediate disturbance hypothesis?

Community Ecology How am I a keystone species? a.Describe my food web b.How am I a keystone species Haha… you are taking directions from an otter

Ecosystems and Human Interference NPP=GPP-RS What influences the GPP of an ecosystem? How efficient is the average plant… what percentage of the original energy is left over after respiration? 55%

24 Nature of an Ecosystem Theme 7: Interdependence in Nature Theme 3: Energy Transfer

Ecosystems and Human Interference Which arrow is the thickest… what does that mean? Typically, what percentage of energy transfers from one trophic level to the next, starting with the herbivores? Theme 3: Energy Transfer

Ecosystems and Human Interference -The Water Cycle -How is drinking water produced in the cycle?

Ecosystems and Human Interference -The Carbon Cycle Why are we accumulating more carbon dioxide in the air? Carbon dioxide, a gas, is reduced (energy added to form bonds) during photosynthesis to produce _____________.

Ecosystems and Human Interference -The Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen fixation occurs when N 2 is converted to a form plants can use. Some chemoheterotrophic bacteria have a mutualistic relationship with legumes (bean plants) and reduce atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (NH 3 ). Another set of free living chemoautotrophic bacteria convert ammonia (NH 3 ) to nitrites (NO 2 ) and nitrates (NO 3 ) in a process known as nitrification. Plants take up ammonia and nitrate from the soil to produce amino acids which make up proteins. Thanks to the bacteria, we, the plant and I, can make protein! N 2 An Inert Gas

Ecosystems and Human Interference -The Phosphorous Cycle Often the lack of phosphorous is the limiting factor to producer growth and therefore algal blooms occur when excess comes into an ecosystem! What is Eutrophication?

Why are these molecules important to Life? Water CO 2 N 2 PO 4 3-

The Biosphere -Abiotic Factors that create the Climate of Ecosystems Climate 1.Variations in solar radiation… Temperature 2.Water

The Biosphere -Abiotic Factors that create the Climate of Ecosystem

Lakes Less dense and floats but then sinks as it melts during spring The epilimnion cools during fall faster than the hypolimnion Oligotrophic vs. Eutrophic Lakes…. What is the difference? How do humans effect the amount of Nitrogen in a Lake?

Conservation Biology 1.Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth 2.The amount of biodiversity is a measurement of the health of an ecosystem 3.Biodiversity is an attribute of genetic diversity, community diversity, and landscape diversity 4.Conservation biology aims to protect biodiversity Which biomes have the most biodiversity and Why?