Periodic Table—Day 14 Materials Needed: Writing Utensil Folder Notebook

 Bell work: How many different ways can a deck of playing cards be organized? List them.  Agenda ◦ Notes on Periodic Table ◦ Periodic Table Matrix

A. Water is a metal. B. Water is a mixture. C. Water is an element. D. Water is a compound. SC8.2.1.a DOK 1

A. a division of the Earth in half B. the densest part of the Earth containing rocks C. a lab created environment that replicates the Earth D. a layer of gas that surrounds the Earth and protects it from radiation from the Sun SC8.4.2.a DOK 1

Put these substances in order from least dense to most dense.

Greek/LatinMeaningPicture heterodifferent homosame genuskind nonnot periaround, about transacross, change

1. I will know how the elements are arranged on the periodic table. 2. I will be able to identify properties of elements based on their location on The Periodic Table.

A. Water is a metal. Water is not a metal. B. Water is a mixture. Water is not a mixture. C. Water is an element. Water is not an element. D. Water is a compound. Water is a compound made from hydrogen and oxygen. SC8.2.1.a DOK 1

A. a division of the Earth in half This is a hemisphere. B. the densest part of the Earth containing rocks This is a geosphere. C. a lab created environment that replicates the Earth This is a biosphere. D. a layer of gas that surrounds the Earth and protects it from radiation from the Sun This is the Earth’s atmosphere. SC8.4.2.a DOK 1

1. Wood (oak) Water (liquid) Ice (solid) Aluminum (s) Pyrite (s) Zinc (s) Silver (s) Mercury (l) 13.55

 How are book stores, music stores, or video stores organized?

In a video store, movies are in categories such as Action or Comedy. When scientists organized the elements, they had to decide what categories to use and where to place each element. An organized table of the elements is one of the most useful tools in chemistry.

Until 1750, scientists had identified only 17 elements, mainly metals, such as copper and iron. As the number of known elements grew, so did the need to organize them into groups based on their properties. In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier grouped the known elements into categories he called metals, nonmetals, gases, and earths. For the next 80 years, scientists looked for different ways to classify the elements. But no system worked for all the known elements. The Search for Order

 In the 1860’s Dmitri Mendeleev developed a new periodic table that was similar to the game of solitaire. Mendeleev lined up the elements in order of increasing mass, a pattern emerged. The key was to break the elements into rows.  Mendeleev’s chart was a periodic table. A periodic table is an arrangement of elements in columns, based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row.  He was able to use this periodic table to predict future elements based on the spaces in between the elements he already knew.

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Mendeleev predicted that the missing element below aluminum would be a soft metal, have a low melting point, and have a density of 5.9 g/cm 3. In 1875, a French chemist discovered a new element gallium (Ga) which he named in honor of France. Gallium is a soft metal, has a melting point of 29.7°C, and has a density of 5.91 g/cm 3. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Scientists use the periodic table to explain the chemical behavior of different groups of elements. The discovery of scandium (Sc) in 1879 and the discovery of germanium (Ge) in 1886 provided more evidence. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Assessment Questions In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements with similar properties were grouped b. in the same column. a.in the same row.

The Periodic Law Periodic Law is a pattern of repeating properties. Today, elements are arranged by increasing atomic number on the periodic table (the number of protons in the nucleus).

 Think of other things that are organized following a Periodic Law.  Share them with your neighbor.

Periods Each row in the table of elements is a period. Hydrogen, the first element in Period 1, has one electron in its first energy level. Lithium, the first element in Period 2, has one electron in its second energy level. Sodium, the first element in Period 3, has one electron in its third energy level. This pattern applies to all the elements in the first column on the table. The Periodic Law

 As you move across a period from left to right, the elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic in their properties

Groups Each column in the periodic table is called a group or a family. The elements in a group have similar electron arrangement, so members of a group in the periodic table have similar chemical and physical properties. The Periodic Law

Periodic Table of the Elements

What does the atomic mass of an element depend on? Atomic Mass REMINDER! Atomic mass is a value that depends on the distribution of an element’s isotopes in nature and the masses of those isotopes.

Atomic Mass Units The mass of an atom in grams is extremely small. In order to have a convenient way to compare the masses of atoms, scientists chose one isotope to serve as a standard. Scientists assigned 12 atomic mass units to the carbon-12 atom, which has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. An atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Atomic Mass

There are four pieces of information for each element. Atomic Mass Atomic number Element symbol Element name Atomic mass

 Get into assigned groups.  Turn to page 140 in your textbook.  As a group, complete the Periodic Table Matrix.  On the back using the periodic table, shade the sections according to metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. (Be sure to BOLD the stair-step line and create a key)  At the bottom of the page, give four facts about Transition Metals.

 Finish Periodic Table Matrix

 How does the Periodic Table make it easier to understand the properties of elements based on their location on the table?