SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins & Consequences of Modernity Dr. Manuel Vallée University of Auckland Semester

OUTLINE - LECTURE 3a Announcements Recap The Renaissance: An Introduction - What was the Renaissance? - When did it take place? - Where did it take place? - What aspects of the Renaissance will we cover in class? - What is Renaissance Humanism? - When did Renaissance Humanism begin? Renaissance Humanism The Printing Press

Announcements Quiz #2 results Targeted Learning Session Essay Proposal assignment

Recap A) Pre-modern Structure of Power B) The Life Conditions for the Masses

Life Characteristics of the Masses 1)Supernatural thinking 2)High child mortality: 40-50% died by the age of 10 3)Low average life expectancy: around 30 years of age 4)Main causes of death: war, disease, bad crop years 5)Growing rates of inequality 6)Peasants were not free 7)Peasants had to give most of their crops to the nobility 8)Surveillance by neighbors 9)Exclusion of women from decision-making

Recap A) Pre-modern Structure of Power B) The Life Conditions for the Masses C) The power of the church

Recap A) Pre-modern Structure of Power B) The Life Conditions for the Masses C) The power of the church D) Steep inequalities

Recap A) Pre-modern Structure of Power B) The Life Conditions for the Masses C) The power of the church D) Steep inequalities E) Processes of Change in the 1500s

Processes of Change in )Urbanization 2)The Age of the Price Revolution… decreased purchasing power 3)Population Growth… growing competition for jobs 4)Wages did not keep up with inflation… % increase in wages during the 1500s - 400% increase in grain prices during the 1500s 5)Economic survival became more precarious

The Renaissance: An Introduction

WHAT WAS THE RENAISSANCE?

What Were its Characteristics? 1)Greater education 2)Greater literacy 3)The development of humanism 4)Growth of individualism 5)Greater appreciation of the arts 6)from a Supernatural worldview to one based on logic & science 7) Significant scientific discoveries: Copernicus, Galileo, etc. 8) Erosion of church dogma 9) Greater geographical exploration

The Dark Side of the Renaissance? 1)Growing income inequality 2)Religious intolerance 3)Religious wars 4)The slave trade 5)Decimation of indigenous populations in the Americas 6)Imposition of economic, political, and cultural systems aimed at stealing the resources of indigenous populations

WHEN DID THE RENAISSANCE TAKE PLACE?

WHERE DID THE RENAISSANCE TAKE PLACE?

Renaissance Humanism

WHAT WAS RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

What was Renaissance Humanism?

1)What is humanism?

What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is humanism? “ a group of philosophies and ethical perspectives that emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought (reason, logic, empiricism), over established dogma, doctrine, or faith.”

What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is humanism? “ a group of philosophies and ethical perspectives that emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought (reason, logic, empiricism), over established dogma, doctrine, or faith.” 2)What is Renaissance Humanism?

What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is humanism? “ a group of philosophies and ethical perspectives that emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought (reason, logic, empiricism), over established dogma, doctrine, or faith.” 2)What is Renaissance Humanism? Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical Greek and Roman authors.

What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is humanism? “ a group of philosophies and ethical perspectives that emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought (reason, logic, empiricism), over established dogma, doctrine, or faith.” 2)What is Renaissance Humanism? Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical Greek and Roman authors. 3)What were the goals?

What was Renaissance Humanism? 1)What is humanism? “ a group of philosophies and ethical perspectives that emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought (reason, logic, empiricism), over established dogma, doctrine, or faith.” 2)What is Renaissance Humanism? Refers to an intellectual movement in Europe that viewed the centuries since the fall of the Roman Empire as the dark ages, and which sought to remedy this situation by returning to the classical Greek and Roman authors. 3)What were the goals? The goals were produce students who had the philosophical tools to contemplate deeply on ethical matters, and the rhetorical tools to communicate effectively to society.

WHEN DID RENAISSANCE HUMANISM BEGIN?

Renaissance Humanism: (Petrarch: 1304 – 1374)

Renaissance Humanism:

WHAT WAS THE TIMELINE OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

WHAT WERE THE CULTURAL CONSEQUENCES OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

WHO BENEFITED FROM THE SPREAD OF RENAISSANCE HUMANISM?

WHO DID NOT BENEFIT?

WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RENAISSANCE HUMANISM AND MODERNITY?

Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)The rise of individualism 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization

Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)Individuality 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization Did Renaissance Humanism contribute to the emergence of any of these traits?

The Renaissance: The Printing Press

How Quickly did the Printing Press Spread throughout the World?

The Diffusion of the Printing Press

9 cities27 cities

The Diffusion of the Printing Press 27 citiesOver 110 cities

The Diffusion of the Printing Press Over 110 citiesOver 150 cities

The Diffusion of the Printing Press

How Quickly did the Printing Press Spread throughout the World? Go to: printing.gif

WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

The Impact of the Printing Press Invention of the Printing Press

The Impact of the Printing Press Invention of the Printing Press Standardization of books

The Impact of the Printing Press Invention of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Increased transmission of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Increased transmission of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

The Impact of the Printing Press Enabled people in different cities to correspond about particular books Invention of the Printing Press Increased the speed of reproduction Increased the diffusion of ideas Undermined authority structures Facilitated Social Change Increased # books produced Reduced Production Costs Books more affordable Greater Readership Standardization of national language Increased transmission of ideas Enabled people in different cities to own the same version of books Standardization of books Stimulated Advancement of Research

WHAT WAS THE CULTURAL IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

WHAT WAS THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

WHAT WAS THE POLITICAL IMPACT OF THE PRINTING PRESS?

HOW DID IT CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPREAD OF MODERNITY?

Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)Individuality 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization

Main Elements of Modernity 1)Secularism 2)Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason 3)Individuality 4)Democracy 5)Nationalism 6)Industrialization 7) Rapid technological change 8) Urbanization Did the Printing Press contribute to the emergence of any of these traits?