Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 1 Nursing Today

2Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Historical Perspective Highlights  Nurses:  Respond to needs of patients  Actively participate in policy  Respond and adapt to challenges  Make clinical judgments and decisions about patients’ health care needs based on knowledge, experience, and standards of care  Nursing:  Care is provided according to standards of practice and a code of ethics.

3Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Florence Nightingale  First practicing epidemiologist  Organized first school of nursing  Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals  Her practices remain a basic part of nursing today.

4Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century  The growth of nursing in the United States:  Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross.  Dorothea Lynde Dix  Mother Bickerdyke  Harriet Tubman  Mary Mahoney  Isabel Hampton Robb  Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster: Henry Street Settlement

5Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. The Twentieth Century  Movement toward scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge  1901: Army Nurse Corps established  1906: Mary Adelaide Nutting, first professor of nursing at Columbia University  1908: Navy Nurse Corps established  : Study of nursing education  1940s and 1950s: Associations emerged  1970: Emergency Room Nurses Organization

6Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. The Twenty-First Century  Nursing code of ethics  Changes in curriculum  Nursing in multiple care settings  Advances in technology and informatics  End-of-life care

7Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Influences on Nursing  Changes in society lead to changes in nursing:  Health care reform  Demographic changes  Medically underserved  Threat of bioterrorism  Rising health care costs  Nursing shortage

8Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Nursing as a Profession  A profession has characteristics:  Requires an extended education  Requires a body of knowledge  Provides a specific service  Has autonomy  Incorporates a code of ethics

9Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Scope and Standards of Practice  Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice  1960: Documentation began  Standards of Practice  Standards of Professional Performance  Goal  To improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice

10Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Standards of Practice  Nursing standards provide the guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care.  Six standards of practice:  Assessment  Diagnosis  Outcomes identification  Planning  Implementation  Evaluation

11Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Standards of Professional Performance Ethics Quality of Practice Professional Practice Evaluation EducationCommunicationResources Evidence- Based Practice and Research LeadershipEnvironment al Health Collaboration

12Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Code of Ethics  A code of ethics is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care.  It is important for you to incorporate your own values and ethics into your practice.  Ask yourself: How do your ethics, values, and practice compare with established standards?

13Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Nursing Education  Professional registered nurse education  2-year associate’s degree  4-year baccalaureate degree  Graduate education  Master’s degree, advanced practice RN  Doctoral degrees  Continuing and in-service education

14Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Nursing Practice  Nurses practice in a variety of settings.  Nurses:  Protect, promote, and optimize our patients’ health  Prevent illness and injury  Alleviate suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses  Advocate for the care of our patients

15Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Nursing Practice  Nurse Practice Acts  Licensure and certification  Science and art of nursing practice  Benner’s stages of nursing proficiency:  Novice  Advanced beginner  Competent  Proficient  Expert

16Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Professional Responsibilities  Nurses are responsible for obtaining and maintaining specific knowledge and skills.  In the past:  To provide care and comfort  Now:  To provide care and comfort and to emphasize health promotion and illness prevention

17Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Professional Roles

18Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Career Development  Nursing provides an opportunity for you to commit to lifelong learning and career development. {Fig 1-2 here}

19Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Professional Nursing Organizations  National League for Nursing (NLN)  American Nurses Association (ANA)  International Council of Nursing (ICN)  National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) or Canadian Student Nurses Association (CSNA)  Other professional organizations focus on specific areas.

20Copyright © 2013, 2009, 2005 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Competency: Patient-Centered Care Teamwork and Collaboration Evidence-Based Practice Quality Improvement Safety Informatics