Reducing Vehicle GHG Emissions: An International Perspective IAN PARRY Fiscal Affairs Department, IMF Transportation, Economics, Energy, and the Environment, University of Michigan, October 28, 2016
1 Fuel Taxes vs. Fuel Economy Standards Source: Parry et al. 2014
More efficient than regulations Implemented in Denmark, France, Mauritius, Netherlands, Norway 2 Attractions of Feebates
3 CO 2 Prices for Paris, G20 Countries, 2030 or thereabouts Source: IMF (2016). Note: 2025 for Brazil and US.
4 Efficient Gasoline Prices, G20 Countries, 2013
5 Revenue from Gasoline Taxes, G20 Countries, 2010 Source: IMF (2016).
Other policies Electric vehicles—subsidies vs. mandates Vehicle taxes related to CO 2 emission rate classification Tools Simplified spreadsheet model Import fuel use, price/tax, external costs > 150 countries (IEA, IMF) 6 Broader Analysis
Trucking International aviation/maritime fuels Strong case for taxes on environmental/fiscal grounds Industries focused on efficiency standards, emission offsets 7 Other Transport Sectors