Journal What sub atomic particle make up elements?  What are the charges? Name one compound What are 5 Properties of Water (there are 10 in total)

Biochemistry The Molecules for Life

Introduction Biochemistry is the study of the compounds that make up all organisms. There are two main types of compounds:  Inorganic compounds do not contain any carbon. Examples include acids, bases, salts, vitamins and water (H2O).  Organic compounds contain carbon. Examples include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Four major types of organic macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Where are they found?  Bread, pasta & potatoes (starch), milk products What are they made from (building blocks)? monosaccharide  2 joined together are called disaccharide  3 or more joined together are called polysaccharide

Carbohydrates What do they look like?  Monosaccharide Glucose – Used By animals as food energy for ATP Fructose – Fruit sugar

Carbohydrates What do they look like?  Disaccharides Lactose – milk sugar Sucrose – table sugar

Carbohydrates What do they look like?  Polysaccharides Glycogen – Animals store any extra starches (MANY glucoses!) Cellulose – Inside a plant cell wall (MANY glucoses!)

Proteins Where are they found?  Hair, muscle, peanuts, meat, enzymes What are they made from (building blocks)?  Amino Acids (20) - 2 joined together are called dipeptide 3 or more joined together are called polypepide  the strong bond that holds amino acids together is called a peptide bond

Proteins What do they look like?  Amino Acid – Must contain –NH 2 (amino group) and –COOH (carboxyl group)

Proteins What do they look like?  Dipeptide - is a molecule consisting of two amino acids joined by a single peptide bond.

Proteins What do they look like?  Polypeptide – Chain of amino acids

Enzymes Function: speed up the rate of a reaction  act as biological catalyst (speeds up a rxn)  examples: lactase, maltase, sucrase, thrombin-clot blood, insulin- diabetes What do they look like?  Enzyme – protein that acts like a catalyst

Enzyme What do they look like?  Activation Site – Location where substrate connects to enzyme  Lock and Key Hypothesis – A specific substrate will attach to a specific enzyme

Naming Enzymes most enzymes end in the letters -ase  Examples: glucasemaltase sucraseamylase-in the mouth-digest

Lipids Where are they found?  Butter, oil, wax, lard B. What are they made from (building blocks)?  Fatty Acids

Lipids What do they look like?  oils: triglycerides that are liquids at room temperature

Lipids What do they look like?  fats: triglycerides that are solids at room temperature

Lipids waxes: 2 fatty acids and an alcohol group  examples: feathers, plant leaves

Lipids steroids: are made of rings of carbon  examples: hormones (testosterone), frog venoms, plant poisons

Nucleic Acid Where are they found?  cells (nucleus) and viruses What are they made from (building blocks)?  nucleotides – nucleic acid made up 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base

Nucleic Acids What do they look like?  Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Nucleic Acid What do the look like?  Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)