T HE Y UAN AND M ING D YNASTIES Chapter 7, Section 4

M AIN I DEAS The Mongol Empire included China, and the Mongols ruled China as the Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was a time of stability and prosperity. China under the Ming saw great changes in its government and relations with other countries.

M AIN I DEA Q UESTIONS

T HE M ONGOL E MPIRE Mongols – Nomads who attacked the Chinese. Live in the north. 1206: Genghis Khan unites the nomads and becomes a powerful leader. The Mongols were very brutal and terrifying, killed entire populations of towns and villages. The Mongol Conquest

Genghis Khan fought, and conquered northern China. Destroyed villages and farmland. Kublai Khan took power in In 1279 he declared himself emperor of China –began the Yuan Dynasty.

The Mongols had a different culture - language, religion, clothes and customs. The Chinese disliked them and were angry that the Mongols were in control. Life in Yuan China

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Y UAN D YNASTY (1279 – 1368) Chinese weren’t forced to accept Mongol culture. Mongol soldiers kept trade routes safe and encouraged foreign trade. Marco Polo: Italian trader who worked in Kublai Khan’s court. Mongols didn’t allow Confucian scholars to have too much power. Chinese had to pay high taxes. Forced labor on public- works projects – extended the Grand Canal, built roads and palaces. ProsCons

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T HE E ND OF THE Y UAN D YNASTY Greed – the Mongols invaded Japan to get more land, but they failed. Weak military – couldn’t control the people. Weak economy – too many public works projects. Mongols invade Japan and lose Economy/Military weak Chinese rebel – led by a monk named Zhu Yuanzhang, Reasons for the Fall of the Yuan Dynasty Cause and Effect

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T HE M ING D YNASTY (1368 – 1644) Improved ships and sailing skills. Zheng He – greatest sailor. From 1405 – 1433 he led seven voyages around Asia. He had a fleet of 60 ships, 25,000 sailors, ships larger than 300 ft. Met with foreign leaders to show China’s power. Great Sea Voyages

Wanted to impress the Chinese as well as their enemies. Restored the Great Wall 2000 miles long 25 feet tall, 12 feet wide Built the Forbidden City in Beijing. More than 9000 rooms Royal homes, temples, government buildings. No common people allowed. Great Building Projects

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C HINA U NDER THE M ING Emperors took on more control, got rid of some government officials. Used exams to choose censors – people who investigated local leaders, schools, etc. 1430s – New Ming emperor bans foreign trade. Isolationism – avoiding contact with other countries. Isolationism kept China from making advancements in technology, weakened China. Changes in Government Relations with Other Countries

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