APPROACHES TO STRUCTURE OF MIS

COMPONENTS Main components of this approach are as follows:  Operational elements  MIS subsystems  MIS and decision support  Information system processing functions  MIS structure based on management activity

OPERATIONAL ELEMENTS ELEMENTDECRIPTION hardwareMultiple computer system: Mainframes, minicomputers, personal computers Computer system components are: central processor, memory hierarchy input and output devices Communications: local area networks, metropolitan area network, and wide area networks softwareSystem software and application software databaseOrganized collections of data used by application software personnelProfessional cadre of computer specialists: end users in certain aspects of their work proceduresSpecifications for the use and operation of compurtized information systems collected in user mannuals.

MIS SUBSYSTEMS Functional subsystemsSome typical reports MarketingMarketing analysis and sales forecasting report sale planning report, customer and sales analysis report ProductionProduction planning reports, quality control reports Personnelpersonnel information reports, training and leave records Finance and accountingGeneral accounting reports, payroll accounting reports, bonus and IT reports, cost analysis reports.

MIS AND DECISION MAKINNG Structured, programmable decisions:-when a decision can be programmed, an organization can prepare decision rule or procedure. This can be expressed as a steps to follow, a flowchart, a decision table or a formula. Unstructured, non programmable decisions:-In unstructured decision has no pre established decision procedure because the decision process is not understood well or it is too unchangeable.

INFORMATION SYSTEM PROCESSING FUNCTIONS  To process transactions:- FILES TRANSACTI ON PROCESS TRANSACTIONS TRANSACTION DOCUMENT

 To update a master file: MASTE R FILES TRANS ACTIO N DATA MASTE R FILE CHARG ES UPDATE MASTER FILES UPDATE D MASTER FILES

 To produce reports:- FILES PREPARE REPORTS REPORT

 To process enquiries:- HANDLE ENQIRY INQUIRY FILES INQUIRY RESPONSE

 To process interactive support application:- DECISION MAKER MODEL INPUT AND OUTPUT DECISION MODEL PROCESSING

MIS STRUCTURE BASED ON MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY Provide information to different levels of management for discharging their function more effectively. Strategic management Management control Operational management

Information system for operational management The responsibility of operational level management is to supervise operational activities. Operational control makes use of pre established procedure and decision rules. They supervise the day to day activities. Information of this level mainly comes from internal data generated from tranctions.

Tactical management Management control information is required by managers of departments, profit centers etc to measure performance, decide control actions, formulate new decision rules to be applied by operational personnel.

Strategic management The purpose of strategic planning is to formulate strategies to achieve organization goals. They make long term plans. They depend upon external data such as competitors policy, market condition, government policies etc. or decision making. Hence decisions at this level are unstructured and non programmed.