 Europe  What is fascism?  Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco, Adolph Hitler  Hitler’s Nationalist Socialist Party won wide support and in 1933 he became Chancellor of Germany

 Appeasement  Rhineland reoccupation, 1936  Spanish Civil War,

 German Aggressions  Anschluss, 1938  Sudetenland, 1938  German Agreements, 1938  Munich meeting  Non-Aggression Pact

Germany invades Poland September 1, 1939 ● Clear violation of Munich agreement ● Britain and France declare war

Asia ● Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere ● Manchukuo, established after invasion of Manchuria, ● Invasion of China, 1937

 The U.S. & Isolationism  Neutrality Acts,  Roosevelt’s “Undeclared War”  Embargo on Japan  U.S. “Arsenal of Democracy”  Cash and Carry  Destroyers for Bases  Lend Lease

 War Spreads  June, 1941, Hitler breaks his agreement with Stalin and invades the Soviet Union  Despite hostility with Soviets, the U.S. offers aid  Churchill says, “If Hitler invaded hell, I would at least make a favorable reference to the devil…”

Pearl Harbor ● U.S. instituted an embargo on several resources to Japan, including oil ● Japanese attack December 7, 1941, Hawaii ● Over 2,300 American service personnel died ● U.S. immediately declares war on Japan

 Japanese Internment  Executive Order 9066, signed in February 1942  Removal of 110,000 Japanese and Japanese Americans  Camps were closed in 1945  33,000 Japanese Americans joined the Armed forces

 The Home Front  Smith Act, 1940  Bracero Program, 1942  Repeal of Chinese Exclusion, 1943

 Bracero Program,  Binational labor contract agreement

 Racial Tensions at Home  A. Philip Randolph and the Fair Employment Practices Commission

 Sleepy Lagoon Incident, 1942  Zoot suit: Pachucos and Pachucas  Death of Jose Diaz  600 arrests, 2 dozen youth indicted  “Lynch Verdict”, 1943  Perception of Mexican Americans  Sleep Lagoon Defense Committee - acquittal in 1944 Source: Shades of L.A. Collection, Courtesy of the Los Angeles Public Library

 Zoot Suit Riots, 1943  Ten day riots in Los Angeles  U.S. service men looking to “get” zoot suiters Source:

 Women during WWII  Señoritas USO  Riveting Rositas  Opportunities for women in the Armed Services  Women’s Army Corps  Navy WAVES  Increase in domestic labor  “Victory Gardens”

 Mexican American Soldiers  400,00 – 500,000 enlisted  Volunteers & Draftees  Mexican nationals  Financial security  Greatest number from Texas Source:

 Pacific Front  Bataan Peninsula  Battle of Okinawa  Bushmasters  Las Aguilas Aztecas

 European Front  Company E of the 141 st Regiment  Blue Devils

Mexican American Medals of Honor Cleto Rodriguez Macario Garcia