Opening 3/8/16 1) Write your HW down in your agenda. 2) On a piece of blank notebook paper, do the following… 1)Describe what the word(s) REVOLT or REVOLUTION mean? 2)How do you think the words REVOLT & LIBERATE relate? 3)List as many reasons as you can that a group of people may have to REVOLT against their current leadership/ government…

With a partner, discuss what you already know about Cuba. Include the government, economy, freedoms, etc.

In this lesson, we are going to examine a specific event that has had a lasting affect on the country of Cuba.

Essential Question: How did the Cuban Revolution impact Cuba?

Standard: SS6H3a. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution.

Let’s review what we have learned so far…

By the 15 th century, European exploration and colonization was underway.

Spain and Portugal set up empires in Latin America.

By the mid 19 th century, most Latin American countries had achieved independence from Spain and Portugal. Haiti: Toussaint L’Ouverture Mexico: Miguel Hidalgo Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, etc: Simón Bolívar Brazil also gained independence from Portugal

Colonial Influence Spain colonized Cuba… …Brought over many slaves… …Sugar is the main cash crop… Cuba gained independence from Spain in 1898 as a result of the Spanish American War

This is where we begin…

By the late 19 th century, there were only two Spanish colonies left in the Americas. Cuba Puerto Rico

What can you remember about Cuba’s natural resources? Cuba has rich soil which is good for growing sugarcane, coffee beans, tobacco, and other crops. Sugar is Cuba’s most important product.

At the end of the 19 th century, the U.S. declared war on Spain to help the people gain freedom from Spanish rule and to protect sugarcane plantations owned by American businesses.

The U.S. won the war, and Spain gave up Cuba and Puerto Rico. Cuba Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory. Cuba became independent, but stayed under U.S. control for many years. Cuba Puerto Rico

American Influence When Spain left Cuba, America “ took over ” Many Americans traveled to Cuba and it was known as the playground of America/ it was considered a part of the USA (TOURISM/ wealthy would travel here for vacations and to party) The US controlled Cuba until 1902, at this time they (USA) made a naval base on Guantanamo Bay Cubans still did not have their own independence… they look to other world powers for ideas… USSR helps- communist country… = Kicked USA out of Cuba!

For the next 50 years, Cuba had many leaders (some elected, some dictators). The country was very wealthy, but most of the people were extremely poor. Cuba

What’s a dictator? A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force

With a partner, summarize the important events before the Cuban Revolution on your graphic organizer.

Cuba gained independence when the U.S. fought a war with Spain to gain Cuba’s freedom and protect U.S. sugarcane plantations. Cuba had many leaders over the years following their independence. Some leaders were elected and some leaders were dictators.

Revolution - Causes Fulgencio Batista was elected President of Cuba in 1940 He was a dictator and did away with their constitution (democracy) Many Cubans did not like Batista because there were few with great wealth (sugar plantation owners) and most of population was poor They felt that they still were not free– and saw that middle class rebels around the world were … Fidel Castro decided to come & be the rebel leader!

Why do revolutions occur?

Which group was exploited (taken advantage of) in Cuba? The poor were taken advantage of in Cuba and were angry with their government.

Just like in other Latin American countries, a leader emerged to take up the cause… Fidel Castro

In the late 1950s, Fidel Castro led an army of rebels and defeated the corrupt government (a dictator named Batista). This is known as the Cuban Revolution.

Revolution – What Happened 1956 – Fidel Castro and others began a guerilla war in the mountains of Cuba, he was unsuccessful 1959 – Castro and 9,000 guerillas march into Havana and fight the Cuban Army Castro overthrows Batista and becomes the leader of Cuba Castro promises to restore all things Batista did away with, brings communism to Cuba pics/cold-war/fidel- castro/videos/castro-and- the-cuban-revolution

Castro and Rebels enter Havana. 1959

Revolution - Effects Castro took over all things in Cuba (all PUBLIC businesses) He established a command economy (opposite of freedom & the market economy they’d gotten used to) Many who were wealthy fled to the US (so they could stay wealthy! They’d lose $ if they stayed) Castro became a dictator in order to be in full control of the chaos (dictator gets more done) Most Cubans have little personal and political freedom (could not own businesses!) Free healthcare & education for everyone (BUT, this creates many salaries to pay… without a lot of natural resources available to export for $!

With a partner, summarize the causes of the Cuban Revolution on your graphic organizer.

Even though the country was very wealthy, most of the people were extremely poor. Unhappy Cubans were continually angry with their government. In the late 1950s, Fidel Castro led a group of rebels and defeated the corrupt government. He took over and set up a communist government.

Castro executes Batista supporters

Free Education (through College) & Free Healthcare available for all Cubans With money received from sugar sales and economic aid from the Soviet Union, Castro implemented such social programs as his war on illiteracy and no-cost universal health care. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, without their economic support, the Cuban economy has suffered, but Castro has maintained tight control.

Fidel Castro immediately set up a communist government. What is communism?

Communism is a political and economic system in which the major productive resources in a society are owned by the public or the state, and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.

Where does communism fall on the economic continuum? Toward Command Economy

How is power distributed in communism? Unitary

Use your graphic organizer to record the impact of the Cuban Revolution

Impact on Cuba’s Government In reality, Cuba just went from one dictator to another Castro set up a communist government like its ally (supporter), the Soviet Union, and controlled all aspects of the government

How do you think Cuba’s economy was affected by the Cuban Revolution?

Impact on Cuba’s Economy Castro set up a communist government which controlled all parts of the economy He took over farms and businesses, even those owned by the U.S.

Impact on Cuba’s Economy The Soviet Union was a key ally and trading partner, but when they broke apart, Cuba’s economy suffered and still struggles today Food shortages occur from time to time

How do you think Cuba’s citizens were affected by the Cuban Revolution?

Use your graphic organizer to record the impact of the Cuban Revolution Cuba just went from one dictator to another. Castro set up a communist government like its ally (supporter), the Soviet Union, and controlled all aspects of the government. Command Econ All Public Businesses (Govt. Owned) …..

Impact on Cuba’s Citizens Many poor people supported Castro’s policies because he improved their healthcare and education Successful Cubans such as business owners, teachers, doctors, and others did not like their property being taken.

Impact on Cuba’s Citizens Due to Castro’s communist policies, many successful Cubans left (many went to Florida) People who opposed Castrol were killed or put in prison He controlled everything on the radio, TV, and newspapers.

How do you think the Cuban Revolution affected Cuba’s relationship with the U.S.?

Impact on U.S. and Cuban Relations Castro came to power during the Cold War and sided with the Soviet Union causing hostilities Castro took over American businesses without giving compensation (costs) to owners The U.S. imposed an embargo on exports except for food and medicine to Cuba in 1960 and cut off all ties with Cuba in 1961

With an elbow partner, discuss the following: Was the Cuban Revolution good or bad for Cuba? Why?

In 2008, Raúl Castro, Fidel Castro’s brother, replaced Fidel when he became too ill to lead the country. Cuba’s government structure remains the same, but Raúl has opened the economy in some ways.

Which group benefited the most from the Cuban Revolution? Why? The poor because they gained education, healthcare, and more equal treatment

Which group benefited the least from the Cuban Revolution? Why? The wealthy, land owners, and business owners because Castro took their property for the state

Embargo placed on Cuba by US Early 1960s– US suspects spies Proclamation 3447 signed by President Kennedy on Feb. 3, 1962, established the embargo against Cuba to reduce "the threat posed by its alignment with the communist powers."

Cuban Missile Crisis (Part of the Bay of Pigs): During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores.

US- Cuba Relations : Fuel to the Fire? Castro hated the US and all it stands for  US placed an embargo on Cuba – did not have much effect on them Bay of Pigs Invasion – unsuccessful attempt to overthrow Castro – made Castro more popular Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis (link #2)link #2 – almost caused nuclear war Guantanamo Bay (*Set up as naval base by USA in Cuba 1902; Now a prison.) – gave Castro a reason to openly hate Americans and remind Cubans of their influence in Cuba

CCrlArhMMhttps:// CCrlArhMM (first min & 17 sec)

On April 20, 1980, Fidel Castro announced that Cubans would be allowed to board ships in Mariel, Cuba, and leave the country, sparking an exodus of 125,000 Cubans to the United States. For President Jimmy Carter, the boatlift was a public relations disaster. Many of the “Marielitos”—as they came to be called—were criminals and former mental patients who had been forced out by Castro.the boatlift was a public relations disaster Cuba and the United States mutually agreed to end the exodus in October An estimated 125,000 Cubans reached the U.S. during the seven months of the Mariel boatlift.

Lifting the Bans = more freedom for Cubans Since taking office in 2008, Raul Castro has spoken of the need to reform Cuba's economic system. Facing an aging population, heavy foreign debt, and economic hardship amid the global economic downturn, Castro began to liberalize parts of Cuba's largely state- controlled economy and loosen restrictions on personal freedoms, including ownership of certain consumer goods and travel outside the country.need to reform Cuba's economic system

Cuban-Americans & Latinos have had an outsized influence in keeping the U.S. embargo since Fidel Castro seized power. Now a younger generation, with strong familial ties there but far removed from the memories of Castro’s revolution, want the embargo to end. In 2011, President Barack Obama eased travel restrictions to the island for American citizens and recently (10/25/2014), Cuba said it would be willing to cooperate with Washington to help fight the Ebola epidemic in West Africa. HqFTQhttps:// HqFTQ Obama Re: Cuba Feb. 20, 2016

Republic of Cuba (GOV.) President with unlimited terms (stays within the Castro family) Government owns just about all businesses Unitary Government Structure Over 16 years old can vote- but only for certain positions- 1 party only-- Cuban Communist Party (PCC) Legislature– “National Assembly of People’s Power” Communist Command Economy– one of the least free countries in the world.

About 60% of Cubans work in Service Industries (tourism, education, healthcare…)

Name:________________Class Per__

Resources Website full of primary and secondary sources: revolution.htm (*some in Spanish only) revolution.htm Wonderful Poster: rebels/NI-FidelsRevolution.pdf

Cuba Comic Strip Assignment Use the given website AND LOGIN to create a comic over ONE of the event topics from your Cuban History Timeline. Your comic MUST include ALL of the following very clearly stated/ visible: -- The name of all students working on this comic and your class period. -- The name of your comic (and event name if it is different). -- Date (exact or general) of event OR number it is on the timeline. Comic Scenes MUST include ALL of the following: -- background that is relatable to your event -- character(s) or way of clearly telling the story -- props that are relatable to your event -- word bubbles showing what your character would be saying or thinking -- caption that explains what is in the scene if it is not clearly evident (*This is the main way you tell about your event to readers.) So that we do not have to print any of these out in color copies, they will ONLY be graded ONLINE & ALL IT DONE HERE AT SCHOOL TODAY! Therefore, you MUST use the following website AND login and save your work here so that it may be graded. ster.org.uk/ Login: k12.ga.us k12.ga.us Password: comicmaster

USA Test Prep Assignments “Modern Latin America History” (FINISH for HW if needed) 1)Video - Cuban Revolution 2)Test Practice Questions(5 questions are assessing the Cuban Rev. knowledge you’ve learned this week, and the other 5 are pre- assessing our next topic for review in class.) 3)Game - Alpine Climber IF you have finished your comic AND this USA T.P. assignment, then work on the S. S. practice activities assigned to you on USA Test Prep.